112 Proceedings of the, Roi/al Irish Academ;/. 



calcareous, with alternate horny and limy rings, flexible, yellowish. The 

 cortex is fairly thick. The verrucae project as pointed cones only in the 

 upper portion. They occur on the sides of the stem in quincunx, in several 

 rows, leaving a narrow, shallow, smooth space, which gradually becomes 

 narrower till it disappears in the terminal portion. 



The spicules are like those of maculata, namely, spiny double-clubs and 

 spindles (0-06). 



Locality. — Mermaid Straits, 50 fms. 



Eidley (xxxiii., p. 348), in identifying a specimen in the "Alert" 

 Collection with E. calamus, gives the following notes : — 



A specimen 9 inches (225 cm.) long; incomplete. The colour is dark 

 brick-red. The fusiform spicules were almost twice as long as those of 

 Studer's specimen. He says nothing of the dimensions of the double-clubs. 



Locality.— Vort Denison, Queensland, 4 fms. 



The following notes from the " Challenger " specimen in the British 

 Museum (fig. 108) may be of interest : — The fragment is 50 mm. in length, 

 and has a diameter varying from 3'5 mm. at the base and 2 mm. near the tip. 

 The coenenchyma is about 1 mm. in thickness throughout ; the canal system 

 is typical of the group, and there are two distinct main canals which define 

 two longitudinal bare spaces, although Wright aud Studer refer to only " a 

 very narrow median groove." 



The polyps are disposed in two longitudinal series ; but a torsion of the 

 whole colony has resulted in a false spiral appearance. The verrucae are 

 small and dome-like ; some are adpressed to the stem; while others are almost 

 retracted within the coenenchyma. 



The axis is of the typical Juncellid structure. 



"Wright and Studer thus define the spicules, of which the chief types are 

 shown in fig. 109 : — 



" The spicules consist of (1) salmon-coloured spindles, 012 x 0^04 mm.; 

 0-08 X 0-02 mm. (2) sherry-coloured double-clubs: 0-1 x 0-06 mm.; 0-06 X 

 0-04 mm. (3) Xeedles; 006 x 0-02 mm. 



Locality. — Banda Islands. 



Note. — Fig. 110 of the Torres Straits specimen of Juncclla gcmmacea, which 

 was originally described as Ellisdla maculata, has been added here to 

 illustrate convergence in the group, and show how futile it is to attempt to 

 separate Juncellids into genera without an examination of the spicules. 



XXX. Scirpearia quadrilineata n. sp. Figs. 111-113. 

 It has been found necessary to establish this new species to include a very 

 distinctive specimen in which the most predominant feature is the presence 



