CHAPTER V. 



Branch V.— Vermes i Worms). 



General Characters of Worms. -In order to obtain 

 an idea of worms in general the stu lent may dig up in the 

 garden or fields a common earth-worm, and then place it on 

 tin- talile or desk in a Hat dish and watch its movements 



bio. 19 Transverse section through the body of the earth-worm (Lw 



near the middle of the intestine- a, cuticle; b, hj podermis; c, circu 

 lar layer of muscles; <f. layer of longitudinal mus 



trnl band; </. lateral bands'; h. typhi - lium 



■t Intestine; '.'. layer of circular- muscular Rbres around intestine; 



gitudinal muscular fibres around it.' sur- 



face of intestine; n. heart; ". liver; ng, nen - .■'!! After I 



and appearance. The body will t<> be formed of 



numerous joints or segments; these are due to infold- 

 ings of the muscular skin at regular intervals. Though 

 both ends of the long, slender, cylindrical body are much 



