THE ZNSEOTE 



In the sides of the body. There are in many two 



pairs of thoracic and eight pairs of abdominal spira 

 The anatomy of the grasshopper maj also be compared 

 with thai of the western cricket (Fig. L31). 



Tin- antennae are both organs of touch and smell, 



the olfactory organs being little pits; pome insects, ; 

 ever, hear with their antennae. The locusts have a pair ol 

 large ears situated at the base of the abdomen i Fig. i 



Insects produce sounds in various ways, either as in 

 locusts by rubbing the le insl the closed wings, or by 



rubbing the upper on the under or hind wings; while some 



produce creaking sounds by rubbing the hai 

 parts of the body togel her. 



In walking or running, an in- tie (Fig. 1 



raises and puts down its six legs alternately, as may be 

 ving the movements of any larg< - ct. 



The wings are broad thin bags or expansions of the skin. 

 They are strengthened by hollow rods called vein.-, of 

 which there are six principal ones. The veins are hollow, 

 usually containing an air-tube. 



The wingof an insect in making the strokes during flight 

 i-i ] .n'< a figure 8 in the air. A fly's wing mak< - 330 

 olutions in a second, executing therefore 660 simple oscil- 

 lations. 



According to M. Plateau, who has recently made ingen- 

 ious experiments regarding the strength of h the 



smallest of these animals are proportionally the stron. 

 A cockchafer can pull 21 times more, proportionally, than 

 a horse, while a bee pulls thirty times more. (The ani- 

 mals were attached to a cord passing over a pulley 1 

 weighted scale.) The hors< lifts 6-7ths of it- weight, the 

 cockchafer 14 times its weight, ami the bee 20 tin 



Insects arc very prolific, laying hundred _- - ime 



insects, a- the cricket, grasshopper, and ichneumon fly, 

 possess a horny tube called an ovipositor, by mi - 

 which they bore into wood or the earth and deposit their 



-s one after another. 



