130 



ZOOLOGY. 



the colony, the division of labor and the reasoning powers 

 manifested by the workers and soldiers, which, with the 

 males and females, constitute the ant-colony. 



Certain ants enslave other species; have herds of cattle, 

 the aphides; build complicated nests or 

 formicaries, tunnel broad rivers, lay up 

 seeds for use in the winter-time, are 

 patterns of industry, and exhibit a readi- 

 ness in overcoming extraordinary emer- 

 gencies, which show that they have suf- 

 ficient reasoning powers to meet the 

 exigencies of their life; their ordinary 

 acts being instinctive — namely, the re- 

 sults of inherited habits. The leaf-cutter 

 fig. m.-Mud-dauber. ants _ f Central and South America (Fig. 



170) are famous from their leaf-cutting habits; the soldiers 

 have large triangular heads, while the workers have much 

 smaller rounded heads. 

 The mud-daubers (Pelopceus, Fig. 171) build their nests 



Fig. 172.— Sand-wasp (Sphex). Natural size. 



against stone walls, of pellets of mud, while the sand- and 

 mud-wasps dig deep holes (Fig. 172, SpJiexichneumovea) 



