THE *>I>1> TOED UNQU1 i VI 



the 1 1 • • 1 \ Land ;ui<l Arabia, though I to bi 

 ferred to in the Bible, is th ilv genus. 



Order 9. Toxodontia. — <*f this group, <>f which n 



- are now living, the types are To '"Inn and N . //. 



They are placed by many authors among the odd-toi 

 IJngulates, not far from tin- tapirs. Their re 



$ or £. Toxodon in its skull bore Borne 

 S enians, ami in the teeth were in certain i 



entates. The Bp - lived in South America dur 

 tht' early Tertiary Period. 



Order 1<». Ungulata. — The larger proportion of mammals 

 belong to this in ten irder, which compris • rly.ill 



those species of mammals useful to man. such as the ox, 

 camel, pig, deer, and h ire, in general, chara - 



terized by walking, so to s ieak, on their 

 being at the end encased in a horny hoof; net more than 

 four toes being completely developed on a foot. The t< eth 

 an- usually well developed, with six incisors in each jaw, 

 hut these are oftei idly in the npper jaw. less in 



number or entirely absent, as in th< . ami "\. 



The collar-bone is absent. The brain still remains small 

 compared with the bulk of the skull, ami the intestinal 

 canal is of unusual length compared with that of animals 

 of the previous ord< 



Tht' Ungulates have been divided by Owen int< sub- 



orders, according to the odd number of toes i /'■ 

 or even number (Artiodactyla). In the odd-to< . D spi- 

 lates (Perissodactyles) there may be thn foot, 



as in the rhinoceros, or our. a< in the hors le in the 



even-toed IJngulates (Artiodactyles) there may lie four t 

 (Hippopotam is), or two. as in the giraffe, or two functional 

 and two rudimcntal, as in the ox ami deer, i.e., most Rumi- 

 nants. The more generalized < \ si g form 

 is the tapir; the mosl specialized type is the horse, witli 

 single toe on each limb. A large nun 

 tiary Ungulates in the Western S - md T< ind 



the Tertiary basins of Pari- ami London, more or less allied 



