304 ZOOLOGY. 



nails. The Galago, of West Africa (Fig. 326), somewhat 

 recalls the Insectivora, while "in the more active and 

 flexible-bodied Lemuridce, the trunk-vertebra resemble in 

 proportions, connections, and direction of neural spines 

 those of the agile Carnivora." (Owen.) 



The genuine Primates or sub-order Anthropoidea are, in 

 brief, characterized by the large, convoluted cerebral hemi- 

 spheres which nearly, or in the higher apes and man, con- 

 ceal the cerebrum when seen from above. The ears are 

 rounded, with a distinct lobule, and the two mammse are 

 pectoral. These Anthropoidea are divided into two sub- 

 divisions, the first comprising the monkeys and apes, and 

 the second, man. In the first group (Simue), the body is 

 prone, the animal walking on all-fours, only the orang and 

 gorilla walking partly erect; the great toe 'is rather short, 

 thumb-like, and opposable to the fingers, while the body is 

 very hairy. The monkeys of the New World have a wide 

 septum to the nose, and are hence called Platyrhince; they 

 also have long tails. 



The little, squirrel-like, gregarious marmosets are the 

 smallest of the monkeys and nearest allied to the lemurs. 

 They walk on all-fours, the anterior extremities being 

 like the hind feet, and resting on the same plane, serving 

 as a paw; the teeth are sharply tnbercled, and the nails, 

 except those of the great toe, are claw-like. The cerebral 

 hemispheres are nearly smooth, though relatively large. 

 Jacchus and Midas are the typical genera, inhabiting 

 South America. While the marmosets {Mididm) have but 

 thirty-two teeth, in the true platyrrhine monkeys there are 

 thirty-six teeth; there being an additional molar on each 

 side of each jaw, and the thumb is slightly opposable to the 

 fingers (though a true thumb is wanting in the spider 

 monkeys). The New World monkeys also have long, pre- 

 hensile tails, so useful in climbing as to be sometimes called 

 a fifth hand, as seen in the spider monkeys (Ateles, Fig. 

 327), in which the tail underneath is naked and very sensi- 

 tive. The skull varies greatly in the different genera, as 



