BONES. 



37 



the short pastern bone and the pedal bone. It and the two bones 

 behind the fetlock (the sesamoid bones) serve as pulleys for one of 

 the back tendons. 



The pelvis, which rests on, and is firmly attached to, the sacrum, 

 appears as a single bone in the adult animal, although it really consists 

 of two halves, each of which is composed of three bones {ilium, pubis, 

 and ischium). The ilium is the analogue of the scapula in the fore- 

 hand. Each half furnishes a socket for the head of its respective 

 thigh bone. The point of the hip, on either side, is the front and 

 outer corner of the pelvis. The two inner corners of the pelvis 



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Fig. iS. — Skeleton of Horse. 



are firmly connected with the sacrum, upon which they rest. They 

 form the highest point of the bony framework of the croup. As 

 I have included the scapula among the bones of the fore limb (p. 36), 

 I venture to adopt a similar procedure with respect to the pelvis and 

 hind limb. The rearmost points of the pelvis are called the points of 

 the buttock. 



The head of the thigh bone makes a ball and socket joint with the 

 pelvis ; while its lower end articulates with the tibia to form the stifle 

 joint, in front of which the patella (knee cap) is placed. The' patella 

 serves for the attachment of muscles which e.xtend the stifle joint, and 

 is kept in position by strong ligaments. A portion of the thigh bone 

 projects, from the outside, above the hip joint. The tibia articulates, 

 at one end, with the thigh bone ; and, at the other, with the astragalus. 



