WITIIDKAWN. 397 



diverse gaits, more harm is done when the defective action is behind 

 than when it is in front. The reason of this is obvious. Front 

 action is mostly in right line, and is only a matter of degree — of 

 excess or deficiency; while there are so many forms and ways of going 

 behind that a cross of one sometimes spoils, instead of amending, the 

 other. His action behind is superb — one that can be engrafted on 

 any family of trotters we have with good results. 



As regards action of the forelegs, we have seen families that will 

 bear some modification without detriment in the precise direction in 

 which he is faulty. The Volunteers and Almonts all have room for an 

 advance in that direction. While 1 do not join in the common wail 

 against these two families, as being greatly deficient in this particu- 

 lar, I may say that a little of it Avill not hurt them, and they can be 

 •crossed with this stallion with entire success. I do not find this to 

 be a peculiarity that fastens to all having Cadmus blood. My own 

 mare above referred to, while she is almost identical with Smuggler 

 behind, is about 11 and 21 inches in front, and has as handsome, far- 

 reaching action as I know of in any animal. Not being able to say 

 whence she derives this modification in her anatomy, I am unable to 

 say how far it proves that this conformation is not per se a Cadmus 

 peculiarity. I think, to avoid the force of this objection, care will be 

 requisite in the selection of mares to couple with this stallion. I 

 would, of course, avoid those of American Star or Henry blood, and 

 all others of a similar conformation. 



The foregoing sketch of Smuggler was written and pviblished at 

 the close of his campaign in 1876. I prefer to reproduce it unchanged, 

 as his career since that date has so fully verified all that was then 

 said of him. He made several races, occasionally showing fast time 

 but was not able to endure the constant training required for keeping 

 him in balance. He was liable to trot below 3:16, or to be distanced 

 in the race, with about four chances to one in favor of the latter. He 

 is now in the stud in the State of Kentucky, and is probably entirely 

 withdrawn from the turf. His career has been a very notable one, 

 and the wonderful qualities he possesses will in many different forms 

 and channels doubtless be perpetuated. 



1 have desired, as in other cases, to present a list of his sons that give 

 indications that they will represent the great excellences by which he 

 has been distinguished, but the list has not been furnished, and I have 

 not the means of giving the same. The chief benefits to the Ameri- 

 can trotter at large, will be derived through his female descendants. 



