X] 



PHARMAGOPCEIA, PHARMACY, AND GLOSSARY 



133 



Poison 



Croton oil 



Cyanides and 

 prussic acid 



DiGIT.ALIS 



Hemlock 



Iodine 

 Lead salts 



Mercury salts 



Morphine or 



Morphia 

 Nux vomica ok 



Strychnine 



Opium or Mor- 

 phine 



Phosphorus 

 Physostigmine or 



ESERINE 



Pilocarpine 



PrUSSIC ACID 



Strychnine 

 Sulphuretted 

 hydrogen (hy- 

 drogen sul- 

 phide) (HjS) 

 Tobacco or Nico- 

 tine 



Yew 



Zinc salts 



Antidote 



Opium, astringents, mucilagin- 

 ous fluids. 



Glilorine gas inhalations, am- 

 monia, chalk, magnesia, oxides 

 of iron, cold ablutions. 



Tannin, stimulants, aconite 



(hyp.). 



Oil purgatives, diffusible stimu- 

 lants, tannin, atropin (liyp.). 



Starch and demulcents. 



Magnesium and sodium sulphates, 

 pot. iodide ; followed by lin- 

 seed oil, milk, and opium. 



Eggs, starch, milk, albumen, 

 wheat flour in large quantity, 

 iron sulphide, magnesium sul- 

 phate, fresh preparation of 

 iron sesquioxide. 



(See " Opium.") 



Pot. bromide, chloroform, ano- 

 dynes and sedatives. Give 

 chloral hydrate, 4 to 8 oz. 

 (normal dose, 1 oz.). 



Animal charcoal, pot. perman- 

 ganate ; exercise is most neces- 

 sary, counter-irritants, am- 

 monia inhalations, oil purga- 

 tives, atropin, caffein, and 

 eserine (hyp.). 



Turps, giillic acid. 



Atropin (hyp.), chloral hydrate, 

 stimulants. 



Atropin (hyp.). 



(See "Cyanides.") 



(See " Nux vomica.") 



Fresh air, cold effusions, dilfusi. 

 ble stimulants. 



Tannic acid, strong tea, purga- 

 tives, strychnine ; stimulants 

 internal and external. 



Purgatives, mucilaginous drinks 

 and sedatives. 



Milk, white of egg, tannic acid, 

 and warm water. 



513. List of ApparatJifi kept in a Vctennary 

 Pharmacy . — One 2-dr., one 4-oz., and one 1-pt. 

 glass graduated measures. The cylindrical form 

 is the best. The most accurate are those marked 

 outside by hand ; those marked inside arc 

 moulded, and are cheap and inaccurate and 

 cannot always be kept clean. Clinical thermo- 

 meter with magnifying scale, to register in 

 thirty seconds. Pestle and mortar of glass, about 

 12 in. in diameter, for grinding up drugs into 

 fine powder. A spatula, and sheet of glass about 

 18 in. square, on which ointments, etc., can be 



mixed. Watch. Bandages, needles and thread 

 (silk). A hypodermic syringe and needles. Set 

 of scales. Oral syringe. An enema pump and 

 tube, a catheter, trocar and cannula. Labels to 

 label all bottles, packages and tins very care- 

 fully. {See Sec. 529.) 



514. Uses of Purgatives. — To remove accumu- 

 lation of foods, lessen fermentations, and to 

 remove toxins from the skin ; to divert blood 

 from the brain in brain diseases by increasing 

 blood in the intestines ; to remove fluids fi'om 

 the system as in dropsy. 



Purgation is produced in three ways : by in- 

 creasing peristaltic action of bowels, i.e. mus- 

 cular contraction ; by increasing intestinal secre- 

 tions ; by decreasing absorption of fluid. 



In the first method we can cause purgation by 

 the use of drugs that act on the brain, i.e. on the 

 nervous centre. For instance, any drug that 

 stimulates the vagi nerve centre increases peri- 

 stalsis, or a stimulant to the solar plexus de- 

 creases peristalsis. An example of the first is 

 eserine, or croton oil ; of the second, aloes, 

 rhubarlD ; and of the third, Epsom salts (mag- 

 nesium sulphate). 



515. Purgatives are counter-indicated, i.e. 

 must not be used, in the following cases: — 



Lung diseases. 

 Gastritis and enteritis. 

 Influenza and high fever, 

 Advanced pregnancy. 

 Inversion of rectum or uterus. 



A horse has 550 square feet of intestinal 

 mucous membrane on which drugs can act, or 

 through which absorption takes place ; there- 

 fore great harm can be done by the abuse of 

 drugs. 



There are five kinds of purgatives: — 

 i. Laxatives liquefy secretions and stimulate 

 peristaltic action, as raw linseed oil, sulphur, 

 green grass and roots. 



2. Simple Purgatives increase secretions and 

 produce semi-liquid evacuation, as aloes, calo- 

 mel, linseed oil in large doses, cascara, and 

 rhubarb. 



3. Drastic Purgatives violently increase peri- 

 staltic action and secretions, as croton oil, jalap, 

 barium chloride, and eserine. 



4. Hydragogue Purgatives prevent absorption 

 of fluids, as Epsom salts and all laxative salts. 



5. Cholagogue Purgatives stimulate liver (and 

 must be followed by a simple or hydragogue 

 purgative, to clear small intestines), as calomel, 

 podophyllin, and sodium salicylate. 



516. l^otes on Purgatives. — Action is in- 

 creased if given on empty stomach. Horse must 

 be prepared on soft food for at least one day 

 previous to a strong purgative being given, 

 except in cases of colic, when this is impossible. 

 An enema should be given to assist in emptying 

 the large back bowel. 



