X] 



PHARMAGOPCEIA, PHARMACY, AND GLOSSARY 



139 



Phagocytosis : the destruction of micro-organisms 

 by phagocytes. 



Pharmacy : the art of preparing and compounding 

 medicines ; an apothecary's shop. 



Physiology : the science of tlie functions of living 

 organs and their parts. 



Plantar cushion : the cushion situated directly 

 above the horny frog of the horse. 



Predisposed : possessing a tendency to a disease. 



Process : a slender, projecting point. 



Prognosis : a forecast as to the probable result of 

 an attack of disease. 



Protectives : drugs thai cover and protect surfaces 

 from irritating influences. (See " Desiccants," 

 " Emollients.") Used as dusting powders on 

 wounds, etc. ; e.g. collodion, French chalk, 

 fuller's earth, gelatin, lycopodium, plaster of 

 paris (CaSO^). 



Psychology : the science of the mind. 



Ptomaine : any alkaloidal or basic product of the 

 putrefaction of animal or vegetable matter. 



Pupil : the opening at the centre of the iris for the 

 transmission of light. 



Purgatives : drugs that produce abnormal defseca- 

 tion. (See " Laxatives," " Cholagogues," " Hy- 

 dragogues," " Drastics.") 



Purulent : consisting of, or containing, pus. 



Pus : a liquid composed of liquor puris, leucocytes, 

 and pus-producing germs ; the production of 

 pus-producing germs. 



Pustulants : drugs that cause pustules of pus to be 

 formed on the skin, thus drawing pus away from 

 internal parts, e.g. ammonia, silver nitrate, croton 

 oU, mercury, and cantharides blisters. 



Putrefaction : the decomposition of vegetable or 

 animal matter, effected chiefly by the agency of 

 micro-organisms. 



Qu.\rtering a horse: light grooming, such as is 

 done before a horse is exercised. 



Ramify : to diverge, or traverse, in branches. 



Ramus (plural, rami) : a branch, as of the lower jaw, 

 or of a vein, nerve, artery, etc. 



Reflex action : any involuntary action produced 

 by a stimulus that is conveyed to the nervous 

 system and reflected to the periphery. 



Refrigerants : drugs that cool parts, diminish cir- 

 culation, allay pain, and quench the thirst, e.g. 

 acetic acid, dil. hydrochloric acid, ether, anmio- 

 nium chloride, water, chloroform, pot. chlorate, 

 pot. nitrate, alcohol, soda chloride. 



Regurgitation : the casting up of wind or food 

 through the gullet (oesophagus). 



Resolvents : drugs that dissolve and disperse 

 tissue. (See " Discutienls.") 



Restoratives. (See " Tonics.") 



Ridge : a crest or elevated border. 



Rigor: chill or "shivers." 



Rubefacients : drugs that redden skin by their 

 irritant action, e.g. acetic acid, carbolic acid, 

 ammonia, camphor, chloroform, croton oil, 

 mercury perchloride, iodine, alcohol, turpentine, 

 friction, hot water. 



Saprophytes : vegetable organisms that live on dead 

 vegetable matter. 



Schneiderian membrane : the mucous membrane 

 that lines the nose. 



Secretion : the function or process of separating 

 various substances from the blood. 



Sedatives : drugs that diminish the action of the 

 vascular and nervous system, and allay mucous 

 membrane irritation. Used in painful abdominal 

 affections, spasms, coughs, to check secretions of 

 mucous membrane, and in vomiting. (See 

 " Anodynes," " Antcmetics," " Antiphlogistics," 

 "Emollients," "Refrigerants.") Stomachic — 

 acetanilid, carbolic acid, dil. hydrocyanic acid, 

 belladonna, bismuth subnitrate, magnesia, opium, 

 soda bicarbonate, soda carbonate ; Nervous — 

 camphor, phenacetin, pot. bromide, pot. nitrate, 

 zinc sulphate ; Vascular — dil. hydrocyanic acid, 

 aconite, amyl nitrite, cannabis indica, colchicum, 

 digitalis, ergot, pot. nitrate. 



Semen : the fecundating secretion produced by the 

 testes and ejected in coition. 



Serous : pertaining to, or resembling, serum ; pro- 

 ducing or containing serum. 



Serrated : having a saw-like edge or border. 



Serum : the clear, liquid portion of blood ; also used 

 to denote the clear portion of any animal fluid 

 separated from its more solid elements. 



Seton : a strip of silk or linen drawn through a wound 

 to keep a passage or seton open ; the passage 

 so formed. 



Sialagogues : drugs that increase the secretion of 

 the saliva, e.g. dil. hydrochloric acid, arecolene, 

 mercury subchloride, ginger, podophyllin, pot. 

 iodide. 



Solution : a liquid containing dissolved matter. A 

 saturated solution is one of a substance in water 

 of such a strength that if more of that substance 

 be added it will not dissolve. 



Specific : produced by a single kind of micro-organ- 

 ism ; a remedy specially indicated for a par- 

 ticular disease. 



Speculum : an instrument used to hold the mouth 

 of a horse open while it is being examined, 

 generally used in dentistry. 



Spermatozoon (plural, spermatozoa) : the motile 

 generative micro-organism of the semen which 

 impregnates the female ovum. 



Spine : a slender thorn-like process of bone ; the 

 vertebral column. 



Sporadic : not epidemic ; occurring here and there. 



Stasis : a stoppage of the flow of blood in a part. 



Sterile : not fertile, aseptic, barren. 



Stimulants : drugs that increase the sensibility of 

 the nervous and muscular systems, secretions 

 of mucous membranes, and the functions of the 

 whole body. Used in loss of appetite, debility, 

 paralysis, colic. (See also " Aphrodisiacs," " Echo- 

 lies," "Emetics," "Nauseants.") Diffusible Stimu- 

 lants. — Exhilaranl and vascular — ether, spirits 

 ether nitrate, alcohol, ammonia, caflein, cannabis 

 indica, camphor, chloroform, turpentine ; Nerv- 

 ous — ether, arnica, belladonna, cannabis indica, 

 chloral hydrate, ergot, strychnine, friction, elec- 

 tricity ; Stomachic — dilute hydrocyanic acid, 

 spirits ether nitrate, ether, ammonia, aniseed, 



