XI] ORGANIC, FUNCTIONAL AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES 153 



Si/7nploms.— The disease spreads in circular 

 patches, leaving bald places wherever the skin 

 is attacked. There is generally no inflammation 

 in horses and no itching. When the patch 

 reaches a certain size (one or two inches), the 

 fungus dies, and the hair returns. There is a 

 form of eczema known ag non-contagious ring- 

 worm, in which the rings grow larger, and there 

 is itching present. 



3' /-ca/Tnen/.— Isolate horse. If coat is very 

 long, clip round the patches, and wash 

 thoroughly with castile soap and warm water 

 and dry. Apply, twice a day, biniodide mercury 

 ointment (1 to 30 lard), or iodine 10 gr., turpen- 

 tine 1 oz., or 5 per cent, solution creolin. 

 Thoroughly disinfect all harness, saddlery, tools, 

 clothing, burn bedding, and wash down stalls, 

 etc. 



597. Lice are sometimes found on neglected 

 horses. The insect is about I'gth of an inch in 

 length. It does not attack man. There is a 

 great itching on the parts affected, chiefly at 

 roots of tail and mane, shows the hair standing 

 up, and little casts of skin. 



Treatment.— Clip the part, and apply 5 per 

 cent, creolin, tobacco or carbolic. 



598. Ticks. — Horses get these while grazing 

 in certain places. They should not be pulled 

 off, but made to drop off by putting a little 

 kerosene oil (coal oil) or turpentine on to 

 them. 



Mites. — The host of this insect is the chicken, 

 pigeon, and other birds, so they will not live 

 more than two or three days on a horse. They 

 cause great itching. 



Treatment. — Remove cause, and apply 5 per 

 cent, creolin, tobacco or carbolic. 



Diseases of Respiratory Tract 



599. Laryngitis, or Sore Throat. — The 

 causes, symptoms and treatment of this are 

 practically the same as those for pharyngitis ; 

 these are both forms of sore throat. Laryngitis 

 is very much more serious. There will be much 

 (lifBculty in drawing in the breath. It may be 

 sufficiently bad to necessitate tracheotomy being 

 performed. (Sec. 536.) 



600. Cough or Cold. 



Ca7/.';e. — Chills, neglect, bad health, contagion, 

 etc. 



Symptoms. — Cough, running at the nose, 

 fever, dullness, coat unthrifty, off feed. Water 

 may run back out of nostril as the horse 

 swallows. Sore throat. 



Treatment.— Bva.n mashes and linseed and 

 careful stable management. Plenty of fresh air 

 and good clothing. Give lots of cold water and 

 a little nitre. Give inhalations of steam from 

 bucket of boiling water, with 6 oz. turpentine 

 added. Do not put head in bag, as horse must 

 u 



get as much fresh air as possible. Give electuary 

 on tongue of : 



Dissolve the camphor in a little methylated 

 spirits and the belladonna in a little boiling 

 water. Put a little on tongue every two hours 

 with a spatula. 



In chronic, irritable coughs, give morning 



and night : 



Fowler's sol. arsenic- 

 Pot, chlorate . 

 Belladonna, F. E. . 



i oz. 

 i dr. 



in the feed. 



601. Nasal Gleet is a chronic and fetid 

 discharge from the nostrils. 



Cawse.— Injury to the bony sinuses in the 

 head. Bad teeth. Cold in the head. More 

 common in old horses. 



Syrnptoms .—Discharge from the nostril or 

 nostrils, which is chronic and fetid (bad smell- 

 ing). 



Treatment.— U a sinus of the head is filled 

 with pus, which will be apparent by there being 

 no other causes present, the affected sinus will 

 have to be opened by a professional, and treated 

 antiseptically. If the cause is a bad tooth, it 

 must be removed. Syringe out the nostrils every 

 six hours with a solution of alum and pot. 

 chlorate. Change feed. Give horse tonic, and 

 treat very carefully for some weeks. 



602. Acute Asthma (rare in horses). 

 Cause. — Nervous derangement. May follow 



pleurisy, pneumonia. Foul air. Faulty feeding, 

 as on dusty hay. 



Symptoms.— Wevy difficult breathing, respira- 

 tions not hurried, expiration is very slow and 

 difficult ; may be slight nasal discharge. 



Treatment.— G?iTeiu\ feeding, sanitation and 

 ventilation. Give morphine 3 gr., and chloral 

 hydrate 1 gr. Chloral hydrate may be given in 

 a pint of water per rectum, the tube being in- 

 serted well in, and the tail depressed for ten 

 minutes. Give caffein citrate, 3 gr., hypodermic- 

 ally. Tincture lobelia 1 oz. is good. Food 

 should be damped. Do not give too much water 

 at a time. 



603. Roaring, or Whistling, is an affection 

 of the larynx. 



Cause.— Due to paralysis or partial paralysis 

 of the recurrent-laryngeal branch of the tenth 

 cranial, or pneumogastric nerve. On account of 

 the left nerve being given off at the base of the 

 lung, and winding around several vessels (whilst 

 the right is given off at the first rib), it becomes 

 more readily injured, thus affecting the left side 

 of the larynx, allowing the cartilage of the 



