204 



MODERN HORSE MANAGEMENT 



[chap. 



Antiseptic 



Jeyes' (see Cyllin) 

 Lead subacetate (sugar 



of lead) 

 LYSOL or Toxol (d) 



Menthol 



MERCURY PER- 

 CHLORIDE (corro- 

 sive sublimate) (d) 



Mercury subcliloride 



(calomel) 

 Naphthaline 

 Petroleum 

 Phenacetin 

 Potassium bichromate 



(D) 



Pot. chlorate 



Pot. nitrate 



Pot. permanganate (d) 



Quinine (d) 

 Salol (phenol sali- 

 cylate) (d) 

 Sanitas powder or oil 



Sodium chloride (com- 

 mon salt) (d) 



Sod. bicarbonate 

 (baking soda) 



Sod. hyposulphite 

 (hypo) (d) 



Sod. salicylate 



Sodium sulphite (d) 



Sugar 



Sun light (d) 



Tannoforjn 

 Toxol (see Lysol) 

 Thymol (d) 

 Turpentine (d) 



Vinegar (see Acid 



acetic) 

 Zinc chloride (d) 



Zinc oxide 



Zinc sulphate (d) 



Strength and form used 



Used in lotions. 



1 per cent, for surgical use. 

 Very suitable for sur- 

 gical use. 



2 to 5 per cent, for instru- 

 ments, drains, etc. 



Used in ointments. 



Very valuable for all ex- 

 ternal purposes. 1 to 

 500 is very strong. 1 to 

 1,000 for wounds. Is 

 poison. 



Used internally, and in 

 thrush. 



For closets, urinals, etc. 



Used for skin parasites. 



Valuable disinfectant when 

 in a solution the colour 

 of claret. 



Used internally. 



Intestinal antiseptic, is not 

 digested in the stomach. 



Sick room or closet dis- 

 infectant. 



Good antiseptic for gar- 

 gling, etc. 



Is same strength as boracic 

 acid. 



Used internally in blood 

 poisoning, etc. 



Used internally. 



Used internally. 



Very quick and powerful 

 destroyer of most germs. 



Valuable for internal use to 

 prevent action of ferments. 



Used in lotions ; 1 to 10 



water. 

 Used in ointments. 

 Used in lotions. 



every little crevice is reached by an antiseptic 

 agent, as creolin, carbolic acid, etc. Cotton 

 wool is a filter to microbes, so that if a bottle 

 which is free from microbes is loosely plugged 

 with cotton wool it will remain practically 

 sterile. 



800. As oil is a protective agent to bacteria, 

 carbolised oil should never be used. 



The most suitable liquids to be used for dis- 

 infecting purposes and for dressing wounds are : 

 the coal tars (crex>lin, cresol, Jeyes' fluid, izal, 

 lysol), mercury perchloride, and carbolic acid. 

 Carbolic acid by itself is not suitable for surgical 

 work, as it has an anti-healing action on the raw 

 tissue. 



The most suitable powders for surgical pur- 

 poses are: salol, boracic acid, iodoform. Salol 

 is, of course, a reliable disinfectant, but it is 

 expensive. For disinfecting purposes in closets, 

 stables, etc., chlorinated lime, Jeyes' powder 

 (cyllin), potassium permanganate, and Sanitas 

 powder are the best. Jeyes' powder is the safest 

 disinfecting powder on the market that I have 

 had anything to do with, because its base is 

 lime, which is itself an antiseptic. Cyllin has no 

 action upon the lime, whilst the lime has a very 

 high capacity for absorbing ammonium sulphide 

 — (NHi)2S — and other bad gases. The disinfect- 

 ing power of cyllin powder is several times 

 greater than that of carbolic powder, and all 

 the carbolic in most carbolic powders is not 

 available on account of the base retaining some 

 of the acid itself. 



801. Commercial Carbolic Acid. — I do not 

 recommend this as a reliable disinfectant, 

 because it generally contains over 90 per cent, of 

 tar acids that are only very slightly soluble in 

 water. Some forms of commercial carbolic acid 

 are only soluble in 500 times their own volume, 

 i.e. a saturated solution would be one in 500. 

 This as a disinfectant would be of little com- 

 mercial value. Ordinary creolin (commercial) is 

 soluble in 50 to ICX) times its own volume of 

 water ; thus we can produce a i to 2 per cent, 

 solution, which is sufficiently strong for ordinary 

 surgical purposes and, as a rule, for general dis- 

 infecting. But there are times when we require 

 stronger disinfectants for rapid use, such as 

 when disinfecting diseased tissue or septic 

 utensils. The method generally adopted is the 

 production of stronger solutions by forming 

 saponiferous or soapy emulsions. Lysol and 

 cyllin are two very excellent forms of emulsified 

 coal tars. 



Pure cyllin is fifteen times as powerful as 

 pure carbolic acid and is very much more soluble 

 than creolin. Strong solutions, however are 

 not necessary, 1 to 2 per cent, being generally 

 sufficient. 



Lysol is soluble in almost any quantity of 

 water. Very strong solutions can therefore be 

 made. Five per cent, is all that is required for 

 cleansing septic utensils, instruments, etc. ; i per 

 cent, for surgery. It is particularly suitable for 

 surgical use in parturition, because it is a soap 

 as well as a disinfectant. It also dissolves grease 

 and mucus very readily, and therefore rapidly 

 comes in contact with all microbes. 



