19i THE SUGAR INDUSTRY. 



and consequently save considerable grain and roughness. The pulp-fed cattle will sell 

 as readily as any other, as they dress and ship as well, even for export, which I myself 

 have tried. 



"I considerthe pulpalso a great food for stock cattle, if mixed with roughness, as it 

 is a wholesome food and makes young stock thrive and grow. Cattle will eat poor and dam- 

 aged roughness, which they otherwise would not touch, if mixed with pulp. I have fed 

 fresh pulp direct from the factory and also so-called sour pulp after it had been in silo. 

 The pulp will keep in silo for years, but it will shrink some. The result is virtually the 

 ?ame in feeding either kind of pulp, and I consider them equally good, only that some- 

 times it takes three or four days before all the cattle learn to eat the sour pulp, while 

 they will all eat fresh pulp readily the first day." 



For milch cows, this pulp is an A 1 feed, and is prized accordingly, especially by 

 dairymen in New York state. P. W. Morse, agricultural superintendent of the Spreckels 

 sugar mills, wrote in January. 1899: "The demand for beet pulp, which has already risen 

 to the capacity of our Watsonville (Cal.) mill, was intensified the past year by the scar- 

 city of feed, and a fancy price could have been obtained for this product, if we had taken 

 advantage of the situation. This was not done, but pulp was supplied at lOc per 2000 Ibs. 

 F. O. B. wagons or cars at mill, and parceled out among beet raisers. The value of beet 

 pulp for fodder is well appreciated here and far exceeds the nominal price we charge. 

 We furnish the pulp to beet raisers in proportion to the number of acres of beets planted, 

 and this privilege to buy pulp at a nominal price is sought after, and is a factor in obtain- 

 ing beet contracts. We are content with the greater common interest promoted between 

 mill and farmer and a constantly appreciating market for the pulp." 



In California, farmers keep pulp in cheap silos, made in or above ground. For the 

 latter, a slatted structure like a corncrib is often used, which allows the water to drain 

 out. The mass will thus shrink one-half in weight during six months. "Four months after 

 such storing of pulp, the silo was opened, and it was found to be a compact mass, free from 

 odor and without the taste of potash. Mr. White stables his cows at night, and the pulp is 

 fed to them at. that time 70 Ibs. to the animal and they clean it up. They take to it 

 with eagerness. Mr. White says that from the same number of cows he is making twice 

 as much butter as at this time last year, when the cows were well fed on other feed. The 

 increase in milk production since his cows commenced feeding on siloed pulp has also 

 astonished Mr. White. When properly handled, the beet pulp will prove to be as rich 

 stock feed here as it has been demonstrated to be in Europe; but it must be siloed. Age 

 and fermentation improve it. Mr. White hauled his pulp about eight miles; he estimates 

 that it cost him when ready for feeding (and he figured cost of hauling, loss by shrinkage, 

 etc.) not to exceed $1.40 per siloed ton and he is confident that no other feed approach- 

 ing that price can equal the milk and butter showing of siloed pulp feed." 



In Utah and New Mexico, certain parties are coining fortunes by fattening vast 

 flocks of sheep for market on alfalfa and beet pulp. The sheep get two Ibs. of hay 

 and from three to four Ibs. of pulp daily. The pulp gives the best results in both cattle 

 and sheep feeding in Utah after being fermented in the silos for 30 days. At Eddy, N. M., ] 

 the sheep ate from four to eight Ibs. of pulp and one Ib. of hay per head daily. At Shel- 

 ton, Neb., where 25,000 lambs were fed on pulp from Norfolk, they consumed three Ibs. 

 per head per day. Hake Bros, of Grand Island fed 20,000 lambs about four Ibs. of pulp 

 and 1 to iy 2 Ibs. of corn meal per head per day mixed, besides what hay they want. The 

 sheep take to the pulp readily. 



Dried beet pulp from beet sugar factories has been used to some extent as a cattle 

 food by Swedish farmers and there found very satisfactory. In some cases the molasses 

 which naturally accumulates at the beet sugar factory is mixed with the pulp and the 

 whole is dried. Practically all the pulp made in European beet sugar mills is utilized for 



