Contents 



CHAP. Page 



I. INTRODUCTORY -i 



II. VARIOUS KINDS OF FOSSIL PLANTS ----- 6 



III. COAL, THE MOST IMPORTANT OF PLANT REMAINS - - 22 



IV. THE SEVEN AGES OF PLANT LIFE - .... 33, 

 V. STAGES IN PLANT EVOLUTION ------ 43, 



VI. MINUTE STRUCTURE OF FOSSIL PLANTS Likenesses to 



Living Ones --------- 53, 



VII. MINUTE STRUCTURE OF FOSSIL PLANTS Differences from 



Living Ones - - - - - - - - -69 



VIII. PAST HISTORIES OF PLANT FAMILIES 



(i) Flowering Plants - 79 



IX. ,, ,, (ii) Higher Gymnosperms 86 



X. ,, ,, (iii) Bennettitales - - 102 



XI. ,, ,, (iv) The Cycads - - 109 



XII. ,, ,, (v) Pteridosperms - - 114 



XIII. ,, ,, (vi) The Ferns - - - 124 



XIV. (vii) The Lycopods - - 133 

 XV. ,, ,, (viii) The Horsetails - - 145 



XVI. ,, (ix) Sphenophyllales - 153 



XVII. ,. ,, (x) The Lower Plants - 161 



XVIII. FOSSIL PLANTS AS RECORDS OF ANCIENT COUNTRIES - 168 



XIX. CONCLUSION - - - i~-f 



