344 



♦ KNOWLEDGE 



[September 1, 1886. 



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NOTES ON THE PLAY. 



Card underlined wins triclc ; card 



underneath leading next. 



THE FACE OF 



THE SKY FOR 



By F.R.A.S. 



SEPTEMBER. 



1 and 2. The Heart Three was 

 the best lead. 1" would have done 

 wisely lo have played the Spade 

 King, and followed with a small 

 Club. He plays, of course, to in- 

 vite a force from Z But tlie force 

 comes most effectively and dis- 

 astrously for Y-/i from tlie enemy. 

 I'.y pl.aying the King and waiting 

 Y would "not only have retained 

 tlic commanding Spade, concealing 

 his weakness, but would have 

 played best for the chance of a 

 cross ruff. 



3 and 4. B seeing that T leads 

 his own long suit, makes the Ace 

 at once, and by forcing 1' draws 

 him on to give up the command 

 in Clubs Seven. A might well 

 have led his Spade Queen, since 

 the Ten probably lies with /^. If 

 the Spade Ten had been with B, 

 yet 1' after taking the trick would 

 have had to lead Clubs or Hearts, 

 either of which would have been 

 advantageous for A~B. Of cou'-se 

 the Heart lead, as events turned 

 out, gave the game to A-B, but 

 that proves nothing. .1 liad no 

 means of knowing that B could 

 ruff Hearts second round, killing 

 the King. 



9. As the cards lie, the lead of 

 Diamonds Ten would give tlie 

 game to A-B. But B plays best, 

 according to the chances. He 

 knows r holds the two smaller 

 Clubs, and that if .1, lying over Z. 

 can win the trick he will be led 

 through in trump.*, which, with 

 the double major tenace, is, of 

 course, what he wants. 



10. Here A shoulil have led the 

 trump. By leading a Heart he 

 fgrces B (so far as he himself 

 knows) to part with his best trump 

 without drawing any from the 

 enemy, /i has no more Hearts, so 

 that B is in no lictter position (as 

 respects Z) to a Heart lead than 

 to a trump lead. But a trump 

 lead would have drawn two trumps 

 from Y-Z. Even if Z had held 

 four and Y none, nothing would 

 have been lost by the lead, for one 

 of Z's four trumps would have 

 made in any case. B is obliged 



_^_ to play a false card to win the 



game, which would have been won 



so simply had A led properly. By playing the Ace he hides the 



position of the Qaeen and Ten, either or both ot which may be with 



Y, or the Ten may be with A. ... 



11. But Y should have trumped with the Nine. The position is 

 not one for finessing. . , » . 



12 and 1.3. A-B make three by tricks, which, with two by 

 honours, give them the game. 



PAGE 



Tlie 'Unkuowablo. By Richard A. 



Proctor 297 



Etna's EruptioiiH 299 



Sea Serpenta and Dragons liOI 



Some Puzzles 305 



Mind .\cting on Body. By Ricliard 



A. Proctor SO"! 



Clothes Moths. By F. A. Butler. . 309 

 Counting Unconsciously. By Piof. 



W. Hreyer 3" 



The Naturalist's Laboratory 313 



Contents of No. 10. 



By Richard A. Proctor 



HE sun's disc may still be watched for spots and 

 faciila;, although they are less both in number and 

 freciuency. The night sky is shown on map ix. of 

 " The Stars in their Seasons." Minima of the 

 variable star Algol (" The Stars in their Seasons," 

 map xii.) will occur at lOh. 19m. P.M. on the 11th, 

 and on the Uth at 7h. 38m. P.M., as also on other 

 occasions when the phenomenon will not be con- 

 veniently observable. Mercury is a morning star 

 all through the month, and may be caught with the naked eye 

 twinklin<^ over the eastern horizon before sunrise. He is at his 

 greatest elongation west of the sun (18° 5') on the morning of the 

 2nd The student who sits up or gets up to watch for the planet 

 may towards the end of the month, see the Zodiacal light before 

 sunrise, in the east. On the 6tli Mercury will be only some 37' north 

 of Eegulus (" The Stars in their Seasons," map v.). Venus, sadly 

 shorii°of her glory, may also be seen in the east before sunrise. The 

 nitrht sky is an absolute blank as far as the planets are concerned, 

 alf (with the problematical exception of Saturn) being too near the 

 sun to be visible. The moon enters her first quarter at 7h. 55-6m. 

 in the morning of the 5th, and is full at lOn. 50-4m. A.M. on the 

 13th She enters her last quarter at 5h. .-)5-7m. in the early morn- 

 in" of the 21st, and is new at 9h. IS Gm. at night on the 27th. Five 

 stars will be occulted by the moon in September during the ordinary 

 working hours of the amateur observer's night. On the 3rd,7 Libr.a, 

 a star 'of the ih magnitude, will disappear at the moon's dark 

 limb at 9h. 19m.'p.M., at an angle of 143° from her vertex. The star 

 will have set ere it emerges from behind the bright limb. On the 

 7th, B. A. C. C.536, a star of the 6.| magnitude, will disappear at 

 the'dark limb at 9h. 43m. P.M., at a vertical angle of C5°. It will 

 reappear at the bright limb at lOh. 33m. P.M., at an angle of 3.>3 

 from the moon's vertex. On the 10th, B. A. C. 7487, another 

 64 mag. star, will disappear at the dark limb of the moon 

 ai; 8h. 11m. P.M., at an angle from her vertex of 129°; reappear- 

 ing at her bright limb at 9h. 12m. P.M., at a vertical angle of 

 234°. The next oocult.ation will not occur until the 20th, when 

 130 Tauri, a star of the 6ih magnitude, will disappear at the 

 moon's bright limb at llh. 34m. p.m., at a vertical angle of G8°. 

 It will reappear at her dark limb at half-past 12, at an angle of 229 

 from her vertex. Lastly, on t'ne 2 1st, when the moon rises, the 5 J 

 mag. star, 20 GemiDorum, will already have been occulted. It will 

 be seen to reappear at her dark limb later on at llh. 2Gm. P.M., at 

 an ancle from her vertex of 273°. At noon, on September 1, the 

 moon is in Virgo, G° north of Spica ("The Seasons Pictured," 

 plate XXV.), and continues in that constellation until the noon of the 

 succeeding day, when she enters Libra ("The Seasons Pictured," 

 plate xxvi"). Passing through Libra, she arrives at 9 A.M. on the 

 4th on the western boundary of the narrow northern strip of 

 Scorpio, and, after traversing this, at G o'clock in the same evening 

 emerges in Ophiuchus. Here she continues until 2 P.M. on the Gth, 

 when°.she crosses into Sagittarius. She leaves Sagittarius for Capri- 

 cornus at 3 A.M. on the 9th, leaving that for Aquarius in turn at 

 2 A.M. on the 10th (" The Seasons Pictured," plate xxi.). Her 

 passage through Aquarius terminates at 9 A.M. on the 13th, at 

 which hour slie crosses into Pisces. She is travelling across Pisces 

 ("The Seasons Pictured," plate xxii.). She does not quit the last- 

 named constellation until 3 p.m. on the IGth, and then she passes 

 into the northernmost angle ot Cetus. It takes her 24 hours to 

 cross this, and then at the same hour on the Uth she enters Aries. 

 Here she continues only until 8h. 30m. A.M. on the 18th, when she 

 passes into Taurus (" The Seasons Pictured," plate xxiu.). In her 

 iourney through Taurus she arrives at 3 A.M. on the 21st at the 

 outlying north-eastern part of Orion. This she takes 12 hours to 

 cross, and at 3 P.M. emerges in Gemini (" The Seasons Pictured, 

 plate xxiv ). At 6 A.M. on the 23i'd she passes out of Gemini into 

 Cancer. She leaves Cancer for Leo at oh. P.M. on the 24th (" The 

 Seasons Pictured," plate xxiv.), and is in Leo until 2h. am. on the 

 ''71 h at which hour she quits that constellation for Virgo. She crosses 

 from' Virgo into Libra at lOh. 30m. P.M. on the 29th ("The Seasons 

 Pictured," plate xxvi.). She is still in Libra when these notes terminate. 



PAGE 



Gossip. By Richard A. Proctor . . 314 



Reviews ^1^ 



The Face of the Sky for August. 



By r R.A S 318 



Our Whist Column. By " Five o£ 



Cluhs" 318 



Sua Worship among the Blackfuot 



Indians 319 



Our Chess Column. By "ile- 



phisto" 313 



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