78 



KNOWLEDGE 



[Nov. 25, 1881. 



Buljjt'cl ill qiU'Hlion in one of wliicli (liffcreiit views mny bo tiiken, 

 niitl 1 iicfil tlierifii-c make no npolo«y for writiii(f ii few words on 

 it. Tlio writer of the article soeins to \iv undei- 1 lie imjireRsion that 

 he hna only to prove tlio fallacy of SI. l)clauiiny'« arpinients to 

 show that woman is not inferior to man. 1 have no doulit but what 

 Ruch a (|iieBtiuu will more frequently |>rc8ent itself to the public 

 mind as the competition in the labour markets between men and 

 women becomes keener. The author of tko article throws just 

 ridicule on the comparisons made by M. Delaunay, yet he himself 

 does not hint in the least that tho comparisons are altogether im- 

 proper and most uiijust to tho fair 8C.\, as they really are. Men are 

 too apt to forget that the first duty of woman is to keep a home 

 and rear their young ; to unite with, and not struggle against men. 

 Man and women united form a perfect being ; they are one in every 

 sense of the word ; apart they are both imiierfcct. Wishing Know- 

 LKUOE every success, Yours, G. W. D. 



[12] — In your review of tho above, in Vol. I., No. 1, p. 8, yon say, 

 " We come next, in M. Delauniiy'a paper, to the more important 

 cjue.'^tion of cranial capacity and form ; for, certainly (setting aside, 

 of course, phrenological absurdities)," Ac. 1. IIow doyou jjroie your 

 '^ assumptive statement'* as to phrenolo;fy being absurd, ergo, false? 

 2. Uow do you account for your special knowledge relative to capa- 

 city and form, apart from plirenologj' ? 3. Does the brain shape or 

 mould the form of the cranium or skull ? — Yours truly, 



Charles Haiiiltox. 



SPEED OF AMERICAN ICE-YACHTS. 



[43] — I think I can show non-mathematical readers a way in 

 which they can satisfy themselves that an ice-yacht may sail faster 

 than the wind. 



In a board or card cut a groove, or slit from A to C ; in it iix a 

 freely moving slider ; lay a ruler along A B, and, keeping it parallel 

 to itself, slide it down to CD. The slider represents the yacht, the 

 groove the effect of the yacht's runners, and the ruler the front of 

 an advancing body of wind. As, then, the slider moves faster than 

 the niler, describing AC, while the latter describes AB, so the 

 yacht may move faster than the wisd. Of course, I do not say that 

 the above arrangement explains all the forces in action ; but I'tliink 

 it removes the chief difficulty, which seems to bo in failing to see 

 how the effect (so to speak) can be greater than the cause. 



W. J. M. 



[The reader will notice that " W. J. M." carefully limits the ap- 

 plication of this reasoning. It shows only — as he mentions — that 

 an ice-yacht may move faster than the driving force. Any amount 

 of energy may be applied to move the ruler until the resistance of 

 tho slider is overcome. The ruler cannot move as described unless 

 tho slider gives way in the only way in which it can move ; in the 

 case of the yacht, the wind may blow over and past the yacht. But 

 " W. J. M.'s " experiment shows all he claims for it. — Ed.] 



ABE MEN'S HEADS SMALLER THAN OF YORE? 

 [4-1] — In a letter on " Are Men's Heads Smaller than of Yore " 

 in your Nov. 11 issue, a quotation is given from Professor Flower, 

 in which several suggestions arc thrown out as to reasons why hats 

 ehoulil be smaller than they were twenty years ago, without a cor- 

 responding diniinutiiin in the size of heads. As a seller of hats for 

 many years, 1 am able to verify several of those reasons to account 

 for snmllor-sized hats being ri'qnired. No doubt, the hair being cut 

 closer nmkes at least half a size dilTerence, but the iiresont manner 

 of wearing hats on the top of tho head, instead of down over tho 

 b:uk of head and car.s, as formerly, would make the most difference 

 (at least half aa inch), which any one can prove for themselves by 



mcagurcmcnt. Again, youths and young men now wear hats instead 

 of caps, so that in sorting up sizes for sale, I find it necessary, if it 

 is a fashionable ehope, and likely to be worn by young men, to 

 order — 



Sizes 20i 20} 2U 21| 22 inches 



Relative numbers... 12 3 2 1 



while for older styles, just bccansc older men wear their hats 

 further on the head, and like an cosy fit, and not because their 

 heads are larger, I have to order — 



Sizes 21i 21J ii2 22J 22} 23 J inches 



Relative numbers ..1 2 3 3 2 1 

 Yours, &c. Uatter. 



ARE MEN'S HEADS SMALLER THAN OF YORE?— THE 

 FLAT EARTH THEORY. (See letter 12, p. 3G.) 



[45] — Has it ever been noticed that most grooms, and such men, 

 wear their hats, generally, on the side of the head ? Possibly this 

 may have something to do with the supposed change. 



The following is from an article on Physical Geography, which 

 appeared in a book published a short time ago -. — 



"It is remarkable that persistent efforts are stiU made, and 

 supported by a gloat display of mathematical technicalities, to 

 prove that it (the earth) is a ciicular disc ; and within the last few 

 years elaborately illustrated books have been produced in advocacy 

 of the supposition." 



I should be glad if yon would say who are the publishers and 

 what is the price of the books. Or if you could teU me on what 

 facts the ^vriters base their theory. — Beta. 



[See reply to John Hampden in Answers to Correspondents. — Ed.] 



"KNOWLEDGE," TECHNICAL TERMS, SCIENCE, AND 

 RELICilON. 



[4G] — I have been very much pleased with the first two numbers 

 of Knowledge. If the forthcoming numbers be as pood as Nos. I. 

 and II. promise, you will supply a great want, and deserve an 

 cfiually great popularity. I have done what little I can to adver- 

 tise it, by placing it in our school reading-room, and by sending it 

 by post or otherwise to various friends. 



I had intended to suggest what "A.T.C." has mentioned, the 

 advisability of printing the technical terms side by side with the 

 more popular modes of expression ; by this means a double educa- 

 tion would be carried on. 



I congratulate you upon your article maintaining the harmony, 

 real if not apparent, of the teachings of science with revelation, and 

 your remarks on the wickedness of neglecting to use the minds God 

 has given us in the study of the " outward and visible signs " of His 

 power. Yom- article must, I feel sure, have given great pleasure 

 to many whose belief in evolution is no less devout than their belief 

 in revelation. Would that all our religious instructors could act in 

 the spirit in which you intend to conduct Knowledge. With every 

 wish for yom- success, which I shall do all in my power to promote, 

 1 am, yours, &c., 



J. Johnson Hoyle, B.A.Lond. 



[Have omitted remarks relative to some of the questions in 

 No. I., though fully agreeing with you. — Ed.] 



INFLUENCE OF SEX ON MIND: CRANIAL CONTOUR. 



[47] — To say woman's sknll is less than man's is ambiguous and 

 misleading. Of course, it is aisnliitcly less, otherwise woman's head 

 and body would be disproportionate. I think male and female 

 skulls relatively equal. Artists divide tho male figure into eight 

 heads, and tho female into seven and a half. Gi-ant, then, the 

 female skull relatively somewhat larger than the male. " The brain 

 diminishes and the nerves increase fi-om man downwards ; in 

 the foetus and child, the nen-es ai'e proportionately larger than in the 

 adult." (Lawrence: " Lectures," chapter vi.) Walker states that 

 the nerves connecting tho brain with external organs of sense are 

 comparatively larger in woman than in man. The eyes excepted, 

 external organs of sense are smaller in woman than in man. Does 

 anatomy support Walker's statement? If so, it helps to explain 

 observed fundamental difforenc<s in male and female intelligence. 

 AV'oman is perceptive; man reflective. Woman excels in sensibility 

 and observation. Man is a being of tho intellect ; woman of 

 instinct and emotion. Man reasons and reflects ; woman perceives 

 and feels. Man is active ; woman passive. To man belongs tho 

 kingdom of the head; to woman tho empire of the heart. Chamfort 

 epigramniatically says : — " Woman has a cell less in the head, a fibre 

 more in the heart.' 



The sexes cannot exchange sovereignties. Women is less guided 

 by intellect than by feeling and impnlse. Her movements are more 



