680 



KNOW 



GE 



[May .'., 1882. 



<Bur €l)t^5 Column. 



Problem No. 30. 



Ilv the lutr William Hone. 



WHITE. 



White to play and mate in four moves. 



SOLUTIONS. 



Problem 35, by Leonard P. Rees, p. 525. 

 1. Q to QR8, and mate next move. 



Problem 3G, p. 525. 



1. R. to B8 (ch) 1. K to Kt 2 

 If K takes R, y to KS (mate) 



2. Q to KtG (c-h) 2. B takes Q 



3. P takes B (clil 3. K takes P. 



4. B to Q3 (mate) 



Pkoblem 37. 

 1, Q takes P (ch) ; K to Bsq. 2. Kt to B7 (ch) ; K to Kt sq. 

 3. Kt take^ RP (ch) ; K to R sq. 4. Q to Kt8 (ch) ; R takes Q. 

 5. Kt to B7 (mate). 



REVIEWS. 

 Chess and Malhematict:. (From " Waifs and Strays.") Bv Captain- 

 Hugh A. Kennedy. 



Tom Mooro, the poet, mentions in his diary, as a very strong 

 objection of Bisliop Warbnrton's to mathematical pursuits, " that 

 in making a man conversant ivith studies in which certainty is the 

 result, they unlit him (or at least do not prepare him) for sifting, 

 and balancing (what alone he will have to do in the world) proba- 

 bilities ; there being no worse practical men than those who require 

 more evidence than is necessary'." 



Now that circumstance, which so grave an authority as War- 

 burton pronounces to be an inherent deficit in mathematics, as 

 regards practical mental training, is precisely reversed in Chess, 

 and constitutes, therefore, the principal value of the game as a 

 mental exercise and preparative for the contentions of actual life. 

 In the study of mathematics, there is always an inevitable result, 

 to be reached by a fixed and consecutive train of reasoning which 

 admits of no deviation. In Chess, on the other hand, although the 

 result, i.e., the winning or drawing of the game, is inevitable, j-et 

 the ways of accomplishing it are almost infinite; and the mode of 

 reasoning — save in the openings and many of the endings, which 

 can be ac(|Uired from the books — consists in a perpetual sifting of 

 probabilities. It is true that Chess in its nature admits of the 

 same determinate certainty as mathematics, but as it is also true 

 that absolute perfection of play is possible only by the exercise of 

 a degree of prescience and a depth of skill, both in combination 

 and calculation, of which the most happily-organised brain must 

 over fall immeasurably short, this perfection, as far as concerns us, 

 cannot bo said to have any existence. 



Chess Trees. By TnoMAS Long, B.A., T.C.D. Tree I — Pliilidor's 

 Defence. 



The whole of this opening is on one foolscap folio, in what the 

 author calls " map and pedigree " form. In our opinion, the form 

 adopted by Cook in his " Synopsis " is much plainer and simpler, and 

 we can see nothing in Mr. Long's plan but unnecessary elabora- 

 tion. On examining the sheet we found it to contain exnctlv the 



same matter and variations ns is given in the " Synopgia," with bardh 

 anything novoL There are a few transpositions of moves or sligbl 

 additions, which do not, however, materially affect tho opening 

 There are twenty-two variations, and wo will trace them to CooVi. 

 giving the number of the variations in that book. 



" Chess Trees " variation ... AB C U EP jl I 



Cook's " Synopsis " variation 17. 



" Chess Trees" variation ... I. 



Cook's " Synopsis " variation 2. 



" Chess Trees " variation ... S 



Cook's "Synopsis" variation 18. 

 Seeing, then, that tho form in which this opening is given is 1( 

 clear than Cook's, and the contents the same, we turn to the 

 question of price ; the book, when finished, will cost about seven or 

 eight times the price of the " Synopsis." In the latter book there 

 are thirty-four different openings, with over 600 variations, for 

 which a charge of 3s. Gd. is made. Mr. Long asks the cbess-pnblio 

 to give Is. for one opening containing twenty-two variations. 



ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 



*»* Please address Chess-Editor. 

 Muzio solution of Nos. 35 and 36 correct ; in the Evans' play 



8. P to Q4, vour best move, or, better still, 6. P to Q3. 



H. S. S.— Solutions of 33 and 34 correct. 



M. Oldwyd. — No. 35 correctly solved. 



Steady Reader. — Your former solution no doubt correct, but we 

 did not receive it. 



H. A. N. — Problem received with thanks. 



Alfred B. Palmer. — No. 38 correctly solved, and in good time. 



S. M. — You are right in a measure; Black would not lose the 

 piece if he did not proceed with B to B4, but if he did not intend 

 to push the attack, why institute it at all ? after 15. B takes B. 

 16. Q takes B; 16. Kt to R3. 17. P to KBk White has clearly 

 a better game. 



Contents of Knowledge JVo. 26. 



FAGB. 



To Our Beaders 5« 



Newton and Darwin. Bv the Editor 545 

 Consumption. By Prof .' Tyndall ... 5-4'i 

 Photo{iraphv for Amateurs. By A. 



Brothers.'F.EA.S 547 



Charles K. Darwin. By the Editor. 518 

 Our Ancestors. By Grant Alien ... 550 

 Crystal Palace Electrical Exhibition 



(Ninth Notice) 551 



" The Stars and the Earth." 553 



. PICT. 



The Stars for MaV (lUttifraleJ) . 553-6SS 



The Sun in Mav \llluttraied) 557 



The Lainson Case 559 



Ancient Tablets from Sippara 558 



Weather Diagram 559 



COBBKSPOXPENCE 5SB 



Ajiawers to Correspondents 5M 



Our Mathematical Colonm 6W 



Our Whist Column 581 



OurChBss Colonm SU 



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