ON THE OCCURRENCE OF SOME SMALL FINELY 

 WORKED FLINTS IN PALEOLITHIC GRAVELS. 



ISv LIEUT.-COL. UM)1:K\\"()()1). 



At various times during the past two years I ha\e 

 been carefully searching two gravel pits in which 

 paleoliths are found — one within a mile of Ipswich, 

 the other at Upper Dovercourt, near Harwich. 



The gravels of these two pits are t)f entirch' 

 different ages — that at Dovercourt being a terrace 

 gravel of the River Stour, and situated eight\'-seven 

 feet immediately above it ; while the gra\el at 

 Ipswich is not apparently connected with any ri\er 

 system, and as it rests on London cla\' (the base bed) 

 and is surmounted with glacial boulder clay and 

 interlocated with fine sand containing quartz pebbles, 



with implements ni<istl\' nnpatinated. or onh' slightly 

 so. of Mousterian t\pe. consisting of small tools, 

 from three to fi\'e inclies long, assegais, side kni\es 

 or clio|>pers. dressed flakes, rubbers, scrapers (round 

 and hollow ) and dressed bones, and a fish hook made 

 Irom a halibut's clavicle. 



In the bed below the cla\' band are found tlie 

 l)ones of Mammoth, two kinds of Rhinoceros, Bison 

 briscus. Bos primii^ciius, and the Horse, while the 

 implements are of late Acheullien t}'pe. large and 

 beautifully worked baches, together with small 

 tetragonal and hexagonal borders, dressed flakes, 



rubbers of a peculiar 

 ^ kind, and a series of 



ilO 



\ ^•r\• 



s m a 11 s i d e - 



(1 



flints of 

 numy ap- 



Froin Gant's I'it. DoNfrcourt 



rounded diorites, sarsen stones and other erratics, it 

 ma\- be assigned to Middle Glacial age. and is 

 undoubtedlv much older than the Uo\ercourt dejiosit. 

 In this latter pit no regular Acheullien luic/ics are 

 found, as at Dovercourt, and no large implements of 

 war, until we come to the lowest bed of red sand, 

 with large blocks of flint, and a few other stones, 

 similar to what Rutot calls the "gravier dii fond." 

 fmmd li\' him at (ireville, which lies directh on the 

 base bed, or London 

 clav, where we get 

 verv large parallel- 



flnc-l\- chipi 



flaked, rough-point- 

 ed "Coh/).s dii poin,i>" 

 rubbers, and so on, 

 but no small side- 

 worked tools. 



The Dovercourt 

 pit. on the other 

 hand, consists of 

 a mass of gravels and sands resting on the London 

 clay to an average depth of twelve feet. These are 

 divided bv a band of clay about half way down, of a 

 few inches in thickness, which separates the bones 

 and implements into two distinct zones. In the 

 upper beds are found the remains of deer of lorn' 

 species: — Reindeer, Reil Deer, and P'allow, this 

 species of a large kind which has also been found at 

 Clacton. Boar, Wolf and Arctic Fox bones, occur 



w ( 1 r k e 

 almost pifji 

 pearance, consistmg 

 of delicate hollow 

 and round scrapers, 

 saws, and very small 

 pointed tools like 

 arrow or dart heads. 

 These latter are so 

 led that it is necessarv to go to 

 specimens of late Neolithic culture to find 

 their eipials. and thnut;h this is so. their deep 

 patination and scratched surfaces point to an 

 anti(]uit\' iar greater than the Acheullien haches, 

 which are h'ing in situ, un -water worn, while these 

 small t\pes. with some large and rude forms. ha\'e 

 e\identl\" been washed in from an oldiT gra\"el. In 

 till' gravel at Ipswich c.xactK' similar (liminuti\e 



CO 



Frniii Hdltoii and LaiiL;hlin's Pit. Ipswich. 



implements which m\' friend, Mr. Moir, and myself 

 ha\e collected is very remarkable, and brings into 

 prominence some questions which have not hitherto 

 been discussed. Firstly : How is it that in our 

 Museums, many -of s\hich contain large collections 



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