172 



KNOWLEDGE 



[March 1G, 18h:{ 



wny. Ho cmplinsizcd his opinion by exclaiming : " You Lave had 

 wonderful luck." 



It can be easily imagined that in his next game our opponent 

 jiut fortli his best efforts to avenge his former defeat, lie really 

 obtained the superior game, as maybe seen from the position below, 

 ho having on his last move jilayed Q to Kt3, with a view of forcing 

 the exchange of Queens. But again the cup was dashed from his 

 grasp when near his lips. Tlio following continuation occurred : — 

 Amatkur. 



JlEPniSTO. 



B to Kt5 R to Q2 



R to K sq. Kt takes Kt 



(with the intention of follovring this up by B to K5, and force 

 further important exchanges, and win by superiority of Pawns.) 



Q to R3 B to Kt2 



P to K6 B takes P (ch) 



K to E2 R to Q,4 



P takes P (ch) K to B sq. 



Q to BS (ch) K takes P 



R to K7 mate. 

 " How is it possible that I could have overlooked that simple 

 manoeuvre ! Tou need not at all pride yourself upon your clever- 

 ness. What would you have done had I played Q to R2 in reply to 

 your move of Q to R3 i* which would have made your brilliant 

 combination impossible. It is all owing to my bad play." 



The climax was, however, reached in a subsequent game. Our 

 impetuous opponent lost his Queen for two Rooks and Pawns. He 

 repeatedly offered a draw, saying that the Queen could not win 

 against two Rooks. Thinking there was yet some chance left, we 

 continued the game, and by perseverance, we gradually won some 

 of his Pawns, and arrived at a more favourable position, as shown 

 in the diagram : — 



Amateue. 

 Black. 



^ A. i 



a, 1 , 



White. 

 Mephisto. 



We played Q to Q,5, attacking the Rook, which cannot move to 

 R2, on account of Q to Q8 mate, nor to K sq., on account of Q to 

 QG (ch), winning the Pawn and having two passed Pawns. Black 

 replied with R (B2) to QR2, whereupon White won the game by 

 the simple move P to R5, which curiously enough paralysed both 

 the black Rooks, which dare not move ; thus, if for instance R to 

 B sq. (if anywhere else Q to B5 (ch) winning the other Rook) then 

 White wins by Q to Q6 (ch), K to K sq., Q to K6 (ch), K to Q sq., 

 P to B7. 



In answer to P to 115, Black could do nothing but 

 P to R3 

 K to Kt2 P to Kt4 



K to Kt3 P to R4 



P to Kt I P to Kto 



K to R-1 K to K sq. 



K takes P R to K7 (ch) 



K to Kt6 R to K7 



P to B7 (ch) K to K3 



Q to B5 (ch) and wins. 

 Of course, our opponent would not be convinced, as hig self- 

 esteem was at stake. But when a player achieves success, it is our 

 decided ojiinion that he must necessarily have largely contributed 

 towards bringing about this favourable result, and dne credit ought 

 to bo given to hira. We admit that there is a small amount of 

 chance, but not suthcient to exercise any continuous or appreciable 

 influence on the general result of a prolonged series of games. 



The case of Winawer, who tied with Steinitz at Vienna, for first 

 place, forms a conspicuous example, showing how even strong 

 players will err. In spite of his eminent success, it was said of him 

 that he owed his position mostly to luck, and that he is not a strong 

 player. This opinion is, of course, incorrect, but it has a grain of 

 truth in it, nevertheless. The true definition of Winawer would be 

 that he does not possess great powers of concentration, necessary 

 for heavy match play. On the other hand, he possesses a ready 

 wit in his play, sees every possible chance on the board (because 

 he does not concentrate his mind too intensely on single points or 

 lines of play), and displays great skill and ingenuity when he sees 

 his opportunity to initiate a combination. These qualities are 

 bound to lead to success in tournament play, which is generally of 

 a somewhat lighter character than match play. Perfection is 

 attained when a player combines both styles of play, but that being 

 exceedingly rare, we, for our own part, cannot withhold our admira- 

 tion for a player like Winawer, who achieves success by skill and 

 ingenuity. 



ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 



*,* Please address Chess Editor. 



Tyro. — Wormald's Chess Openings. 



Correct solutions received. — Problem No. 77, Kit, .John Lonsdale ; 

 No. 78, S. Bassan Lello ; No. 78 and 79, Clarence, W. 



No. 79 has proved a hard task for our solvers, in spite of the 

 facility afforded to them by disclosing the first moves. We hope to 

 receive more numerous solutions by next week. 



Leonard P. Rees. — Received with thanks. 



Berrow. — Solution of 78 correct. In No. 79 you do not give a 

 reply to Black moving 1. B to R-l. 



R. J. P. — Solution correct. 



Contests of No. 71. 



PAGE. 



Science and Art Gossip 141 



A Naturalist's Year. Snowdrop 



and SnowHake. Bv Grant AUeu 143 

 "Our Bodies." VII. The Processes 



or Functions of the Body. By 



Dr. Andrew WUson, F.R.S.E. ... 144 

 Discoveries at Tel-el-Maskhuta. 



By Amelia B.Edwards 145 



Learning Languages. By Kichard 



A. Proctor 146 



The Eoyal Aquarium Electric 



The Great Comet of 1882. II. 



{Illuf.) By Prof. C. A. Toune.. H7 

 How 10 Use o'ur Eves. (Illut.) By 



John Browning.'F.R.A.S U9 



Butterflies in Winter 150 



Our Paradox Comer : Flat Earth r. 



Globe 151 



Correspondence : On the Formation 



of Comets' Tails— Purifying Gas 

 -The Weather Forecasts, &c. 



Exhibitic 



146 



N'OTICES. 



Yoliime II., comprising the numbers published from June to December 1882, 

 price 89. 6d 



The rule Page and Index to Tolume II. now ready, price 2d., poet-free 2^a. 



Binding Cases for Volume II., price 28. each. Subecribera' numbera bound 

 (including Title, Index, and Case) for Ss. each. 



The Tjack Numbera of Knowlhbgb, with the exception of Noe. 1 to 13^ 

 31, 33, and 63, are in print, and can be obtained from all booksellera " 

 newsagents, or direct from the Publishers. ShouJd any difliculty aria. 

 the paper, an appHcation to the Publisbers is respectfully requested. 



Just PubUshed, Part XVI. (Feb. lss3). Price lOd.; postage 3d. eitrs. 



n<f 



L obtaijiiDt: 



TERMS OF SUBSCEIPTIOj^\ 



The terms of Aimaal Subscription to the weekly numbers of Kwowlbdsi are »# 

 follows:— •• *• 



To any address in the United Kingdom W 10 



Tp the Continent, Australia, Kew Zealand, South Africa* Canada 13 



To the United States of America $3.26. or IS 



To the East Indies, China, &c. {md Brindisi) 16 * 



All subscriptions are payable in advance. 

 P. O. Orders and cheques should be made parable to the Publishers, Missbj. 

 Wtmaw 4 Sons. London, at the High Holbom District Post-office. 



Agent for America— C. 8. Carter, American Literary Bureau, Tribune Buildings, 

 Kew York, to whom subscriptions can be forwarded. 



OFFICE: 74-76, GREAT QUEEN STREET LONDON W.C. 



