November 1, 1886.] 



♦ KNO\A^LEDGE ♦ 



To the traveller voyaging southwai'ds the skies which in 

 England lie towards the south at these hours rise higher 

 and higher, till at length those which had been along the 

 horizon from east through south to west lie on a circle pass- 

 ing overhead from east through the zenith to west. The 

 southern half of our English night skies at any hour is the 

 northern half of the skies of latitude 38° south at the same 

 hour, but while our southern horizon stai-s make an arch 

 overhead with them, their northern horizon stairs make an 

 arch overhead with us. 



Thus the series of maps which is now commenced will 

 serve, as a moment's study will show, to present our English 



magnitude stiir. Below the pole we see the Triangle 

 (Southern) with Pavo (the Peacock) on the right or west, 

 Mit^ca (the Fly) and Crux (the Cross). These constella- 

 tions with the pole, Chama-kon, the Retlculuiii (the Net), 

 Hi/(lrus (the Water-Snake), and Toucan [the Toucan), are 

 always visible in the southern region named, being cireum- 

 polar. Other south polar constellations are not shown, 

 having no stars higher than the fifth magnitude. 



High up in the south-ea.st we see the great ship Argo, 

 wiong side up with care. Naturiilly the sea-serpent Hydra 

 is flourishing her mighty length along the horizon under- 

 neath the masts and sails of the ship. 



Map 1*. — Key to Map \a. Night 8kies or .Southern Hemisphere for January. 



southern skies (in the upper half of each map) for every 

 night of every month in the year, the horizontal central line 

 of the map representing the horizon for this use of the maps, 

 while it will show the whole of the sky for the southern 

 hemisphere, the circumference of the map representing the 

 horizon. Turning to the south we find no polar star. (Mr. 

 Hampden sajs that there is no pole, but mistakes.) The 

 nearest star to the pole in our map is k Octantis, a fifth- 



Due east is Canis, the Greater Dog, high up, and on his back ; 

 the Dove, Columba, being perched on the Dog's hind feet. 



In the north-east we see Orion on his head, but he makes 

 nearly as fine a figure if his shoulder stars for our hemi- 

 sphere are made leg stars for the Southern, and vice versd. 

 Gemini, the Twins, stand also on their heads, and by no 

 means suggest the idea of twins. 



Taurus is the chief constellation towaids the north at 



