24 



♦ KNOVSTLEDGE ♦ 



[November 1, 1886. 



Stalemate follows on 1. R to BS (ch), K to B.-J. 2. E to E8 (ch), 

 K X K. 3. Q to B8 (cb), K to E2. 3. Q to Bo (ch). Q x Q. Stale- 

 mate. I£ Black could not take the Q, then White has the perpetual 

 check position referred to above. 



It makes a great difference very often how and when you advance 

 a r to the Sth. Sometimes you must delay the advance in order to 

 avoid a draw, as in the following position : White K on QR3 and 

 1' on QKt7. Black K on QE8. If White now advances his 1' at 

 once to the Sth the game will be drawn, for if the F becomes 

 Q or E, Black is stalemate. White will therefore first have to move 

 his K. In other instances you may make a Book by advancing, but 

 vou must not Queen it, as in the following position : White, K on 

 QKti and P on QKt7 ; Black K on QR3. If P to Kt8 (Book) 

 White wins, but if P to KtS (Queen) it is slalumate. 



Now all these esamj^les may be much complicated by a greater 

 surrounding of pieces ; the lesson, however, should not be forgotten, as 

 the principle equally applies. Not only is it necessary to exercise 

 care sometimes in advancing a P to the Stli to prevent the stale- 

 mate, but it is often essential not to make a Queen or Eook, in order 

 also to procure a stalemate, as may be seen from the foUowing 

 example : — 



Black. 



""■ ' ' '■ ■ ^r^. 



White will draw^ by 1. P to 1;8 (Bishop) (ch) K to K3. 2. P to 

 Kt7 (ch), R to BG. 3. E x R (ch), E x E, stalemate. White could 

 not do this by making a Queen on the first move. 



From these few remarks it will be seen that even only to draw a 

 game often requires skill :md ingenuity. The drawing "part of the 

 game is by no means an uninteresting feature of the game. One 

 thing is certain, that players possessing great strength and tenacity, 

 or others possessing less strength but more tenacity, will always 

 draw a good many games. This is more creditable "to them than 

 the performance of the player who possesses great brilliance and 

 enterprise, minus judgment or tenacity, who will mostly succeed 

 in losing the same games which the other players wovdd draw. 



THE FACE OF THE SKY FOR NOVEMBER. 



By F.E.A.S. 



rallK Sun may still be watched on every clear day 

 (there are not many) for the spots and faculai 

 which, in greatly diminished size and number, 

 occasiou.ally appear upon his surface. The aspect 

 of the night sky is shown in map xi. of " The 

 Stars in their Seasons." Minima of Algol (" The 

 Stars in their Seasons," map xii.) will happen 

 forty-live minutes after midnight on the 13tb ; 

 on the 16th, at 'Jh. Sim. f.JU. ; and on the Itlth, 

 , in addition to other dates, when their observation 

 will be ditficult or impossible. The student should watch for the 

 meteorites I'adiating from Leo, at and after midnight on the 13th, and 

 for the "Andromeds " all night long on the 27th. Mercury is an 

 evening star throughout the month— in fact, he attmns his greatest 

 elongation east of the sun (22° 2'J') on the 13th, but his south 

 declination is so great that he is practically invisible. Venus is a 

 morning star, but is so rapidly approaching the sun, and her 

 diameter is so small, that she is, in one sense, not much better 

 placed for the observer than Mercury is. JIars is practicaUy in- 

 visible, as are, during the working horns of the night, Jupiter and 

 ITranus too ; but Saturn rises before 9 p.m. at the beginning of 

 November, and between six and seven at the end of it. He is 



at eh. 23m. I'.M., 



situated some 7° to the south of Pollux (•' The Stars in their 

 Seasons," map ii.). Neptune comes into opposition to the sun on 

 the 18th, so is capitally placed for the observer. He is about 6° 

 south of the Pleiades, in a perfectly bkmk part of the sky. The 

 Moon enters her first quarter at oh. .5i'm. P.M. on the 3rd, and is 

 full on the evening of the 11th at 7b. G'om. She enters her last 

 quarter at lOh. lOSm. at night on the 18th, and is new at 7h. IS'Sm. 

 P.M. on the 2.5th. Of a considerable number of occultations of 

 fixed stars by the moon this month, seven only will occur at hours 

 suitable for observation by the ordinary amateur. They are as 

 follows. On the 3rd, B.A.O. 7263, a star of the 6th magnitude, will 

 disappear at the moon's dark limb at 3h. IGm. P.M. at an angle of 

 56° from her vertex. It will reappear at her bright Umb at Ih. 32m. 

 P.M. at a vertical angle of 288°. On the 7th, i Ceti, a 6th magni- 

 tude star, will disappear at the dark limb at 5h. 4om. P.M. at an 

 angle from the moon's vertex of 32°, reappearing at the bright 

 limb at 6h. 32m. P.M. at an angle of 321° from her vertex. 

 Later, 5 Ceti, another 6th magnitude star, n-ill disappear at 

 the dark limb at six o'clock at a vertical angle of 48°, and will 

 reappear- at the bright Umb at 7h. Im. P.M. at an angle of 311° 

 from the vertex of the moon. Later still, at 6h. 23m. P.M., B.A.C. 5, 

 also of the Gth magnitude, will disappear at the moon's dark limb at 

 an angle of 89° from her vertex, reappearing at her bright limb at 

 7h. 42m. P.M., at a vertical angle of 281°. On the 'Jth, v Pi-.cium, of 

 the 45th magnitude, will disappear at 6h. 4m. P.M. at the dark limb, at 

 an angle of 60^ from the lunar vertex. It will reappear at 7h. 9m. 

 P.M. at the bright limb, at an angle from her vertex of 277°. On 

 the 12th, 48 Tauri, a 6th magnitude star, wiU disappear at the 

 bright limb of the moon at 7h. 18m. P.M., at a vertical angle of 61°; 

 reappearing at 8h. 18m. at the dark limb, at an angle of 251° from 

 her vertex. Finally, on the same night (12th), 7 Tauri, a star of 

 the 4 th magnitude, will disappear at the moon's bright limb at 

 9h. 17m. P.M., at an angle of 55° from her vertex; to reappear at 

 her dark limb at lOh. 2om. P.M., at a vertical angle of 271°. When 

 our notes begin, the Moon is in Sagittarius ("The Seasons Pictured," 

 plate xxi.), through which she is travelling, until 6 P.M. on the 2nd, 

 when she enters Capricoruus. It takes her until 4 P.M. on the 3rd 

 to cross the constellation last named, and then she passes into 

 Aquarius. She does not leave Aquarius until midnight on the 6th, 

 at which hour she crosses the boundary into Pisces (" The Seasons 

 Pictured,"' plate sxii.). She is travelling through this great straggling 

 constellation until 4 A.M. on the 10th, when she arrives at the north- 

 eastern corner of Cetus. She has passed over this by 6 o'clock the 

 same evening and entered Aries. She remains in Aries until 

 9h. 30m. P.M. on the 11th, and then passes over the boundary into 

 Taurus (" The Seasons Pictured," plate xxiii.). Travelling through 

 Taurus, she arrives at 2h. 30m. P.M. on the 14th at the narrow 

 northern strip of Orion. Bj' 2h. 30m. the next morning she has 

 traversed this and emerged in Gemini ("The Seasons Pictured," plate 

 sxiv.). She remains in Gemini until 6h. 30m. P.M. on the 16th, 

 when she enters Cancer. She quits Cancer for Leo at 6h. 30m. A.M. 

 on the ISth, and Loo in turn for Virgo at 7 P.M. on the 20th ("The 

 Seasons Pictured," plate xxv.). Her journey across Virgo is not 

 finished until 6 P.M. on the 23rd, when she enters Libra (" The 

 Seasons Pictured," plate xxvi.). At Ih. 30m. P.M., on the 25th, she 

 reaches the narrow northern pointed part of Scorpio. Over this 

 she has passed by lOh. 30m. the same night and entered C)phiuchus. 

 This she quits for Sagittarius at 4 P.M. on the 27th. At 2 A.M. on 

 the 30th she entere Capricornus (" The Seasons Pictured," plate 

 xxi.). She is stiU in Capricornus at midnight. 



Contents of No. 12, 



PAGE 



The 'Unkno\\*able. By .Richard A. 

 Proctor 345 



Tile Story of Creation : a Plain 

 Account of Evolutiou. By 

 Edward rioUd 347 



Pleasant Hours with tbe Micro- 

 scope. By Henry J. Slacit 340 



lutiian Mytli3 aljout Niglit. By 

 " .SU?lla 'Ocoidcns " 351 



Notes on Americanisms. By 

 llicliard A. Proctor 352 



'* Saturday Keview " Blunders .... 354 



Are Suu-tpots Hollows y 356 



Some Puzzles 



The Sixty-four Sixty-five Puzzle . . 



Minute Writing 



Photograi>h of Saturn 



Fifteen School-pirls 



Gossip. By Richard A. Proctor . . 



Reviews 



The Face of the Sky for October. 



By F.R.A S 



Whist. By '■ Five of Clubs " 



Our Chess Column. By "Me- 



phisto " 



A Malevolcnc Critic 



P.4GE 

 3oD 

 360 

 361 

 361 

 361 

 362 

 36 1 



365 



365 



367 

 368 



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