MODERN SCIENCE 15 



The scientia of Albertus was in fact not the Science that 

 we know but the Queen of Sciences, Theology, whose 

 aim and end was foreknown and whose advocates had 

 only to busy themselves with the formal proof and 

 demonstration thereof. But the mediaeval limitation of 



the region of speculation, which has extended for some 

 purposes right into our own time, by keeping the man 

 of Science to his own task and deflecting him from 

 Philosophy has perhaps had its share in building up an 

 effective apparatus for research. 



Growing out of this and on the bad side, however, 

 has been the corresponding tendency to scientific 



Specialization, by which workers in one department lose 

 touch with workers in another. It is, I believe, this 

 tendency to lose contact with each other and with 



^general ideas, and not any innate and essential wicked- 

 *0 ness in non-scientific humanity, that has prevented 

 Science from obtaining her rightful share in the govern- 

 ment of the State and the education of youth. I do 

 not here refer to what may be called natural specializa- 

 tion, the specialization inherent in the human mind, 

 which does in fact turn men toward mathematical methods 

 or biological observation or physical experimentation. 



\ Specialization of this kind was as pronounced with 



\ the Greeks as it is with us. It was and is necessary 



/ a sign of health and growth. But with us there is another 



type of specialism derived, as it seems to me, from 



the mediaeval divorce of Philosophy from Experience 



which has been fostered by those institutions, the 



Universities, that took their characteristic form in the 



Middle Ages. This specialism is based not on the type 



of knowledge, nor even on the means of acquiring it, but 



rather on the area of knowledge to be studied. 



As education is becoming more largely scientific, both 



