(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
(e) 
(f) 
(g) 
(h) 
THE VERTEBRAL MASCULATURE. 269 
The scalenus medius. Origin: Tranverse process of the 
fifth cervical vertebra. Insertion: Lateral surfaces of the 
third to fifth ribs. 
The scalenus posterior. Origin: Transverse processes of 
the fourth to sixth cervical vertebrae. Insertion: First rib. 
The medius is superficial; the anterior more or less separated from 
the posterior by the origin of the cervical portion of the serratus anterior. 
The scalenus medialis. Origin: The sternum at the 
point of attachment of the first rib. Insertion: Middle of 
the ventral portion of the first rib. 
The foregoing muscles comprising the scalenus group, are destroyed 
by the removal of the ventral thoracic wall (p. 255). 
The longus colli. Origin: Bodies of the first six thoracic 
vertebrae. Insertion: The muscle passes forward on the 
ventral surface of the bodies of the vertebrae, giving off 
insertion fibres, and also receiving strands of origin. It 
terminates on the anterior tubercle of the atlas. 
The longus capitis is partly fused with the foregoing 
muscle, but its origin is in a more lateral position from the 
transverse processes of the first six cervical vertebrae. 
Insertion: Sphenooccipital synchondrosis. 
The longus atlantis. Origin: Lateral to the longus capitis, 
from the transverse processes of the third to sixth cervical 
vertebrae. Insertion: Transverse process of the atlas. 
The longus capitis should be divided near its insertion. 
The rectus capitis anterior. Medial portion of the 
ventral surface of the transverse process of the atlas. In- 
sertion: Basioccipital bone. 
The caudal musculature in the rabbit comprises, in addition to 
the posterior extension of the cutaneus maximus, the following axial 
muscles: 
(a) The extensor caudae medialis. It lies in the furrow 
between the spinous and articular processes of the posterior sacral 
and anterior caudal vertebrae, and is inserted on the transverse 
processes and dorsal surfaces of the caudal vertebrae. 
(b) The abductor caudae posterior lies in the grove between 
the articular and transverse process and is inserted on succeed- 
ing vertebrae. It appears to continue the multifidus, but corres- 
ponds to the more medial portion of the longissimus. 
