GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 171 



On the Himalaya, and on the isolated mountain-ranges 

 of the peninsula of India, on the heights of Ceylon, and 

 on the volcanic cones of Java, many plants occur, either 

 identically the same or representing each other, and at 

 the same time representing plants of Europe not found 

 in the intervening hot lowlands. A list of the genera of 

 plants collected on the loftier peaks of Java raises a 

 picture of a collection made on a hillock in Europe! 

 Still more striking is the fact that peculiar Australian 

 forms are represented by certain plants growing on the 

 summits of the mountains of Borneo. Some of these 

 Australian forms, as I hear from Dr. Hooker, extend 

 along the heights of the peninsula of Malacca, and are 

 thinly scattered on the one hand over India, and on the 

 other hand as far north as Japan. 



On the southern mountains of Australia, Dr. F. 

 Miiller has discovered several European species; other 

 species, not introduced by man, occur on the lowlands; 

 and a long list can be given, as I am informed by 

 Dr. Hooker, of European genera found in Australia, but 

 not in the intermediate torrid regions. In the admirable 

 "Introduction to the Flora of New Zealand," by 

 Dr. Hooker, analogous and striking facts are given in 

 regard to the plants of that large island. Hence we see 

 that certain plants growing on the more lofty mountains 

 of the tropics in all parts of the world, and on the tem- 

 perate plains of the north and south, are either the same 

 species or varieties of the same species. Jt should, how- 

 ever, be observed that these plants are not strictly arctic 

 forms; for, as Mr. H. C. Watson has remarked, "in re- 

 ceding from polar toward equatorial latitudes, the Alpine 

 or mountain floras really become less and less Arctic." 



