OVALLE*S HISTORICAL RELATION OF CHILE. 1 63' 



ing, that new ones are difcovered every day, and thofe richer than the old ones ; for 

 which reafon there comes yearly more people, and among them much gentry, as 

 well as tradefmen of all arts and profeflions, who mod of them fettle and increafe 

 there. 



CHAP. XV. — The Adelantado Almagrd enters into Chile, having fuffered extremely 



by the Way. 



WE left the Adelantado Don Diego deAlmagro in a place called Paria, from whence 

 he was to purfue his journey to Chile, as he did in the beginning of the year 1535. 

 He himfelf going before, ordered Juan de Savedra to follow with twelve horfe by the 

 royal highway through the province of Las Chicas, the chief place of which was Topifa, 

 where he found the Inga Paulo, and the prieft Villacumu, who prefented him with 

 ninety thoufand pefos of very fine gold, it being the tribute they ufed to fend the Inga 

 from Chile, and which they were now fending, without being informed of the tragical 

 accidents that had befallen the family ; and there he fent back a great many Caciques 

 of the countries he left behind him, and who had waited upon him thither. 



The three Spaniards, whom he had fent with the Inga Paulo, and two more who 

 joined themfelves to them, being defirous of making new difcoveries, and acquiring 

 honour, and withal making their court to the marfhal, went before, till they came to a 

 place called Jujuy, which is a place or country where the people are very warlike, and 

 eat human fiefh, and who kept the Ingas always in great awe. This boldnefs coft three 

 of the Spaniards their lives, though they fold them dear. The Adelantado being 

 refolved to revenge their deaths, fent Captain Salfedo, with fixty horfe and foot, to 

 chaftife thofe Indians ; but they, being alarmed, had called together their friends, and 

 made a fort to defend themfelves in, and many pits with fharp flakes in them, that the 

 horfes might fall into them ; with which, and many facrifices and invocations made to 

 their gods, they had refolved to exped: their enemies. Captain Salfedo found them 

 thus fortified, and being himfelf inferior in llrength, fent to the Adelantado for relief, 

 who fent it him under the command of Don Francifco de Chares ; but the Indians then 

 avoided engaging, and refolved to abandon their fort j though, not to lofe all their 

 pains, they refolved firll to attack Don Francifco de Chares, where they killed a great 

 many, and particularly of the Indians Yanaconas ; and carrying off the fpoils, they made 

 a fafe retreat : the Spaniards returned back to their chief body. Since we mentioned 

 the Yanaconas, it will not be amifs to explain the fignification of that word, for the 

 better underftanding of what follows. 



The Yanaconas were, among the Indians, a people fubjeft to perpetual flavery ; and 

 to be known, were bound to wear a fort of habit different from the reft. Thefe feeing 

 the bravery of the Spaniards, and how much they made themfelves be feared and re- 

 fpe(5led, began to rife againft their mailers, and adhered to the Spaniards, hoping 

 thereby to fhake off the yoke of flavery ; and became cruel enemies to the other In- 

 dians. That which this word Yanacona now fignifies in Chile, is, thofe Indians who 

 do not belong to any particular lord ; for as to freedom, there is no difference, the 

 king having made them all free alike. 



From Jujuy the Adelantado marched with the vanguard, purfuing his journey, leaving 

 the rear to the care and command of Nogaral de Ulloa. He came to a place called 

 Chaquana, where he found the Indians in arms ; for though at firft they were frighted 



Y 2 with 



