ULLOA's voyage to south AMERICA. 449 



only a bag of the fame make and ftufF as the frocks of the men, and called Anaco. This 

 they faften on the (houlders with two large pins, called Tupu or Topo. The only parti- 

 cular in which it differs from the frock is, that it is fomething longer, reaching down to 

 the calf of the leg, and faftened round the waift with a kind of girdle. Inftead of a 

 veil, they wear about their neck a piece of the fame coarfe Huff dyed black, and called 

 Lliella ; but their arms and legs are wholly naked. Such is the habit with which the 

 lower clafs of Indian women are contented. 



The caciquefles, or Indian women, who are married to the alcaldes majors, gover- 

 nors, and others, are careful to diftinguilh themfelves from the common people by 

 their habits, which is a mixture of the two former, being a petticoat of bays adorned 

 with ribbands ; over this, inftead of the anaco, they wear a kind of black manteau, 

 called Afco. It is wholly open on one fide, plaited from top to bottom, and generally 

 faftened round the waift with a girdle. Inftead of the fcanty lliella which the common 

 Indian women wear hanging from their ftioulders, thefe appear in one much fuller, and 

 all over plaited, hanging down from the back part of their head almoft to the bottom 

 of the petticoat. This they faften before with a large filver bodkin, called alfo Tupu, 

 like thofe ufed in the anaco. Their head-drefs is a piece of fine linen curioufly plaited, 

 and the end hanging down behind : this they call Colla, and is worn both for diftinc- 

 tion and ornament, and to preferve them from the heat of the fun ; and thofe ladies, 

 that their fuperiority may not be called in queftion, never appear abroad without ftioes. 

 This drefs, together with that univerfally worn by Indians, men and women, is the 

 fame with that ufed in the time of the Yncas, for the propriety of diftinguifliing the 

 feveral claffes. The Caciques at prefent ufe no other than that of the more wealthy 

 Meftizos, namely, the cloak and hat ; but the Ihoes are what chiefly diftinguifh them 

 from the common Indians. 



The men, both Creoles and Spaniards, are well made, of a proper ftature, and of 

 a lively and agreeable countenance. The Meftizos inr^ general are alfo well made, 

 often taller than the ordinary fize, very robuft, and have an agreeable air. The Indians, 

 both men and women, are generally low, but well proportioned, and very ftrong ; 

 though more natural defefts are to be obferved among them than in the other claifes of 

 the human fpecies : fome are remarkably ftiort, fome ideots, dumb and blind, and 

 others deficient in fome of their limbs. Their hair is generally thick and long, which 

 they wear loofe on their ftioulders, never tying or tucking it up, even when they go 

 to fleep. But the Indian women plait theirs behind with ribband, and the part before 

 they cut a little above the eye-brows from one ear to another ; which form of hair they 

 cull Urcu, and are fo fond of this natural ornament, that the greateft aftront poflible 

 to be offered to an Indian of either fex, is to cut off" their hair ; for whatever corporal 

 puniftiment their mafters think proper to inflid on them, they bear with a dutiful tran- 

 quillity ; but this is a difgrace they never forgive ; and accordingly it was found necef- 

 fary for the government to interpofe, and limit this puniftiment to the moft enormous 

 crimes. The colour of their hair is generally a deep black ; it is lank, harfli, and 

 coarfe as that of horfes. The Meftizos, on the other hand, by way of diftinguifliing 

 themfelves from the Indians, cut ofi^ their hair ; but the women do not in this refpedt 

 follow the example of their huflDands. The Indians have no beard ; and the greateft 

 alteration occafioned by their arriving at the years of maturity, is only a few ftraggling 

 hairs on the chin, but fo fliort and thin as never to require the afliftance of the razor ; 

 nor have either males or females any indications of the age of puberty. 



The youths of family are here inftruded in philofophy and divinity, and fome pro- 

 ceed to the ftudy of the civil law, but follow that profeflTion with reluctance. In thefe 



VOL. xiY. 3 M fciencee 



