ULLOA's voyage to south AMERICA. 549 



that this was once the Prince's palace. All the walls being full of hollows, refembling 

 cupboards, in which, as likewife in the two chambers of the tower, the niches, and 

 along the pafTages, were ftone pegs, with a head betwixt fix and eight inches long, 

 and three or four in diameter : the ufe of thefe probably was for hanging up their 

 arms. 



The whole main wall on the flope of the mountain, and defcending laterally from 

 the oval tower, is very thick, and the outfide perpendicular. Within is a large ram- 

 part, and on it a parapet of an unufual height ; and though the rampart reached quite 

 round the wall, there was only one afcent to it, which was adjoining to the oval tower. 

 The outward and inward walls are all of the fame kind of ftone, very hard and well- 

 poliflied : and difpofed like thofe of Callo. The apartments alfo were without ceiling 

 or flooring, like thofe of the above-mentioned palace. 



At Pomallada, within the jurifdiftion of the town of Guafuntos, are fome rudera 

 of another fortrefs like the former : and it is a common opinion here, that there was a 

 fubterraneous communication between thefe two fortifications ; but this does not feem 

 at all probable. For befides the diftance of fix leagues, the ground is very uneven, 

 and interrupted by fome of the fmaller branches of the Cordilleras, breaches, and 

 brooks. The inhabitants are, however, very tenacious of their opinion : and fome 

 affirm, that a few years before our arrival in the country, a perfon entered this fubter- 

 raneous paflage at the fort of Canar, but, his light going out, he was obliged to return. 

 They farther fay, that the entrance is within the fort at the foot of the tower, where 

 indeed there is a fniall low door, but now choaked up with earth ; and was doubtlefs 

 for fome ufe. But this does not imply that it led to the other fortrefs, as, befides a 

 great quantity of lights, there muft alfo have been here and there vent-holes or fpiracles, 

 which, confidering the mountains, is utterly impradicable. 



Many other walls and ruins are feen all over the country, both in the plains, on the 

 fides of the hills, and on their fummits ; but moft in defert places, and without any 

 veftige of a town or village near them ; and except thefe three, they are either of 

 adoves or unknown ftone, without any arrangement. The more irregular are thought 

 to be the works of Indians before they were reduced by the yncas : but thofe of Callo, 

 and the other two fortrefles, by their fuperior fymmetry, fhew that they are of a 

 later date, and built under the direction of the yncas, who applied themfelves with 

 exemplary attention to promote neceffary arts throughout all their conquefts ; poffibly 

 from this political view, that the people, fenfible of the happy change, might be the 

 better fubjects. All thefe remains of antique edifices the Indians call Inca perca, the 

 Yncas walls. 



Another Indian method of fortification, and of which there are ftill fome remains, 

 was, to dig three or four ranges of moats quite round the tops of fuch mountains, as, 

 though high and fteep, were not fubjeft to frofts: and every one on the infide 

 ftrengthened by a parapet, whence they could fafely annoy the enemy. Thefe they 

 called Pucuras; and within the laft range of moats they built barracks for the 

 garrifon. Thefe kinds of forts were fo common, that one fcarce meets with a moun- 

 tain without them. On the peaks of Pambamarca, are three or four ; and one of 

 them on the place where we fixed our fignal for the meridian triangles. In like 

 manner we found them on almoft all the other mountains ; and the outward moat of 

 circumvallation was above a league in extent. The breadth and depth of each was 

 alike ; but in refped: of one another, there was not the fame uniformity., fome of them 

 having a breadth of two toifes and even more, and others not one; and the like 

 difference is obfervable hi their depth. It was, however, their conftant care to make 



3 the 



