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ulloa's voyage to south AMERICA. 607 



CHAP. XL — Extent of the JurifdiBion of the Viceroy of Peru : together with the Audi- 

 ences and Diocefes of that Kingdom. 



THE foregoing accounts naturally lead to the extent of the audience of Lima, and the 

 jurifdiftion of the viceroy of Peru. But fuch a particular defcription as I have already 

 given of Quito, requiring a perfonal knowledge of all its provinces, and jurifdidions, 

 and alfo a particular work, from the extenfivenel^ of the fubje£t, I fhall confine myfelf 

 to fome principal accounts, but which will convey an adequate idea of the vaft domi- 

 nions of this country. In order to this I have confulted feveral perfons, fome of which 

 have been vefted with high. employments here, and others whofe commendable curiofity, 

 as natives of this country, had prompted them to acquire an exad knowledge of it. 

 This was a refource of abfolute neceffity ; no opportunity having offered of vifiting 

 the inland parts of thefe countries ; and the accounts we received of them at Lima, 

 were not to be depended upon, with that confidence necelfary to their being inferted 

 here; for confidering the vaft diftance between the capital and fome provinces, it is no 

 wonder they are but little known at Lima. The reader will therefore indulge me in 

 giving a fuperficial account of fome ; for according to the method in which I began to 

 write the hiftory, we ihall infert fuch particulars only as are authentic j it being un- 

 doubtedly more advantageous to fay a little with truth, than to engage in prolix and 

 uncertain particulars. 



In order the better to defcribe the countries governed by the viceroy of Peru, without 

 departing from the plan hitherto obferved, I fliall divide the whole jurifdidion of its 

 government into thofe audiences of which it confifts ; thefe into the diocefes they con- 

 tain ; and the diocefes into jurifdiftions under a corregidor. 



The viceroyalty of Peru in South America, extends over thofe vaft countries, included 

 in the jurifdidions of the audience of Lima, Los Charcas, and Chili ; and in thefe are 

 comprehended the governrrients of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Paraguay, Tucuman, and 

 Buenos Ayres. Though thefe three provinces and the kingdom of Chili have particu- 

 lar governors inverted with all the authority agreeable to fuch a character, and as fuch 

 are abfolute in political, civil, and military affairs, yet, in fome cafes, are fubordinate to 

 the viceroy ; for inftance, on the death of any inferior governor, the vacancy is fupplied 

 by him. Before the eredion of the viceroyalty of the new ki?igdoni of Granada in 

 1739, that of Peru, as we have already obferved, extended to the countries of the two 

 audiences of Terra Firma and Quito ; but thofe being then feparated from it, the bounds 

 of it on the north were the jurifdidion of Piura, which extends to' thofe of Guayaquil 

 and Loxa, and that of Chacapayas, which joins to the government of Jaen de Braca- 

 moros. Thus the viceroyalty of Peru begins at the bay of Guayaquil, at the coaft of 

 Tumbez, in 3° 25' fouth latitude, and reaches to the land of Magellan in 50°, confe- 

 quently it extends one thoufand and twelve fea leagues. Eaftward it partly terminates 

 on Brazil, being bounded by the celebrated line, or meridian of demarkation, or that 

 which feparates the dominions of Spain and Portugal, and on the coaft of the North Sea : 

 and on the weft is terminated by the South Sea. 



The audience of Lima, erefted in the year 1542, though it was the year 3544 before 

 any feflion was held in that city, contains within its jurifdidion one archbifhoprick, and 

 four bifhoprics, viz. 



The archbilhopric of Lima, and the bifhoprics of Truxillo, Guamanga, Cufco, and 



Arequipa. 



The 



