6] 2 ULLOA's VOYAGI: to south AMERICA. 



VII. The laft jurifdidion of this diocefe is that of Pataz, or Caxamarquilla. From 

 its different fituations it has a variety of produfts ; but is particularly remarkable for 

 gold mines ; its chief commerce conlifting in exchanging that metal for current money, 

 efpecially filver coin, which is the more efteemed here for its fcarcity. 



Guamanga the fecond diocefe : 



The city of Guamanga, the capital of this diocefe, was founded in the year 1539, by 

 Don Francifco Pizarro, on the fite of an Indian village of the fame name. The Spa- 

 niards added the name of San Juan del la Vidloria, in memory of the precipitate retreat 

 of Manco the Ynca, from Pizarro, who offered him battle. This city was founded for 

 the conveniency of the trade carried on between Lima and Cufco ; for during this long 

 diftance, there was at that time no town, whence the travellers frequently :£ffered by 

 the incurfions of Manco's army. This gave occafion to building the city on the fpot 

 where the Indian village flood, though extremely inconvenient with regard to provifions, 

 as lying contiguous to the great chain of the Andes ; but the war being happily termi- 

 nated by the entire defeat of Manco's party, the city was removed to its prefent fituation. 

 Its jurifdiftion, regulated at the time of its foundation, began at the frontiers of Jouxa, 

 and reached to the bridge of Valcas ; but at prefent it is bounded by the provinces which 

 furround it, and contains the town of Anco, about three leagues from it : the city is 

 fituated on the declivities of fome mountains not remarkable for their height, which, ex- 

 tending fouthward, inclofe a fpacious plain to the eaftward of the town, watered by a 

 fmall Itream defcending from the neighbouring mountains ; but the ground on which 

 the city is built being higher than the breach through which the river flows, the inha- 

 bitants were obliged to provide themfelves with fmall fountains. Among the number 

 of inhabitants, Guamanga boaflsat lead of twenty noble families, who live in the center 

 of the town, in fpacious houfes of a confiderable height, built partly of ftone, and 

 covered with tiles. Belides the largenefs of the apartments, they have extenfive gardens 

 and orchards, though it is no fmall difficulty to keep thefe in order, on account of the 

 fcarcity of water. The large Indian fuburbs round the city add greatly to its extent, 

 and the houfes though low are chiefly of fl:one, and roofed, which confiderably augments 

 the appearance of the city. This is indeed the general manner of building in the towns 

 of this kingdom, remote from the coaft. 



The cathedral is very fplendid, 'and its chapter, befides the bifliop, confifl:s of a dean, 

 archdeacon, chanter, two canons by compofition, a penitentiary, and two prebendaries. 

 It has a feminary for the fervice of the church, under the title of St. Chrifl:opher. The 

 church of this feminary is that belonging to theparifli of the Spaniards, and another de- 

 dicated to St. Ann, the parifli-church of the Indians. Befides thefe are the chapels of 

 Carmenca, Belin, St. Sebafiian, and St. John the Baptifl;, depending on it. The parifh 

 of Magdalena, inhabited by Indians, is under the clre of the Dominicans, and the in- 

 cumbent has the title of prieft. The city has alfo an univerfity, with profeffors of philo- 

 fophy, divinity, and law, and equal privileges with that of Lima, they being both royal 

 foundations. The corporation is compofed of the principal nobility of the city, at the 

 head of which is the corregidor, and out of this body the alcaldes are chofen, to fuper- 

 intend the civil and political government. 



Within the walls of this city are the convents of St. Dominic, St. Francis, the fathers 

 of Mercy, St. Augufline, St. Juan de Dios, a college of Jefuits, an hofpital of St. Francis 

 de Paula. The nunneries are of the order of St. Clare, and the Carmelites ; and a reli- 

 gious fifterhood. 



2 The 



