N 



614 ULLOA's voyage to south AMERICA. 



vant to Amador Cabrera; and that before the year 1564, Pedro Contreras and Hen- 

 rique Garces had difcovered another mine of the fame kind at Patas. But however it 

 be, the mines of Guanca Belica are the only ones now worked ; and the ufe of quick- 

 filver for aggregating the particles of filver began in the year 1571, under the diredion 

 of Petro Fernandes Velafco. The mines of Guanca Belica immediately on the difcovery 

 were claimed in the King's name, and alternately governed by one of the members of 

 the audienza of Lima, with the title of fuperintendant, whofe office expired at the end 

 of five years, till in the year 1735, when Philip V. appointed a particular governor of 

 thefe mines, with the fame title of fuperintendant, but thoroughly acquainted with the 

 nature of extracting this mineral, having been employed in thofe of the fame nature in 

 Spain ; and by his economy the mines are worked with lefs charge, and will not be fo 

 foon exhaufted. Part of the quickfilver found here is fold on the fpot to the miners, 

 and the remainder fent to all the royal offices in the kingdom of Peru, for the more com- 

 modious fupply of thofe whofe mines are at a great diftance. 



VL The jurifdidion of Angaraes depends on the government of Guanca Belica, and 

 begins about twenty leagues weft-north-weft of the city of Guamanga. Its territories 

 reach above twenty leagues ; its air is temperate, and it abounds in wheat, maize, and 

 other grains and fruits, and alfo breeds vaft droves of cattle of all kinds. 



VII. Weft of the city of Guamanga is the jurifdidion of Caftio Vineyna. In fome 

 parts this province extends above thirty leagues, and has fuch a variety of temperatures, 

 that it produces every kind of grain and fruits. The heaths, which are the coldeft parts, 

 are frequented by a kind of fheep called Vicunna, whofe wool is the moft confiderable 

 article of its commerce. This animal was alfo common in the provinces of Jouxa, Gua- 

 nuco, and Chuquiabo, till theconqueft of thofe countries, when every one hunted them 

 at pleafure for the fake of their wool, without reftraint from the government, they be- 

 came, as it were, exterminated in thofe parts ; now they are only to be found on the 

 fummits of mountains or the coldeft heaths, where they are not caught without great 

 difficulty 



VIII. Abouttwenty leagues fouth of the city of Guamanga, is the jurifdidion of Pa- 

 rina-Cocha, which reaches about twenty-five leagues, and lies principally in fo tem- 

 perate an air, that the foil, befides excellent paftures, abounds in grain and fruits. It 

 has alfo feveral mines both of filver and gold, which now produce more confiderably 

 than heretofore. Thefe valuable metals make the chief branch of its adUve commerce, 

 its paffive being the fame as in the following jurifdidion. 



IX. Thejurif-lidion of Lucanas begins about twenty-five or thirty leagues fouth-weft 

 of Guamanga. Its temperature is cold and moderate. The parts of the former breed 

 large droves of all forts of cattle ; and thofe of the latter are fertile in grain, herbs, and 

 fruits. It alfo abounds in valuable filver mines, in which chiefly the riches of Peru con- 

 fift, and by that means made the center of a very large commerce ; great numbers of 

 merchants reforting hither with their goods, and others for puychafing fuch provifions 

 as their own countries do not affiDrd, for which they give in ex ange ingots and pinnas 

 of filver. 



III. Diocefe of the Audience of Lima. — Cufco. 



Of all the cities in Peru, Cufco is the moft ancient, being of the fame date with the 

 vaft empire of the Yncas. It was founded by the firft Ynca Mango Capac, as the feat 

 and capital of his empire. Having peopled it with the firft Indians who voluntarily 

 fubmitted to him, he divided it into two parts, which he called High and Low Cufco, 

 the former having been peopled by Indians which the emperor himfelf had aifembled, 



I and 



