ULLOA's voyage to south AMERICA. 615 



and the latter by thofe whom his confort Mama-Oello had prevailed upon to leave their 

 wandering manner of life. . The firft forms the north, and the latter tlve fouth part of 

 the city. The houfes originally were low and fmall like cottages ; but as the empire 

 increafed, they aiTumed a new appearance ; fo that when the Spaniards landed in thefe 

 parts, they were aftoniflied at the largenefs and fplendour of the city, efpecially the 

 magnificence of the temple of the fun, the grandeur of the palaces of the Ynca, and 

 the pomp and richnefs becoming the feat of fo vaft an empire. It was in the month of 

 0£tober i 534, when Don Francifco Pizarro entered and took poffeflion of it in the 

 name of Charles V. Emperor and King of Spain. This was followed by a fiege 

 of the Ynca Mango, who laid great part of it in afhes, but without diflodging the 

 Spaniards. 



This city (lands in a very uneven fituation on the fides of the mountains, there be- 

 ing no other more convenient near it. On a mountain contiguous to the north part of 

 the city are the ruins of that famous fort built by the Yncas for their defence ; and it 

 appears from thence, that the delign was to inclofe the whole mountain with a prodi- , 

 gious wall, of fuch conftruftion as to render the afcent of it abfolutely imprafticable to ' " '' 

 an enemy, and, at the fame time, eafily to be defended by thofe within ; in order to 

 prevent all approach to the city. This wall was entirely of free-ftone, and ftrongly 

 built, like all the other works of the Yncas, already defcribed, but ftill more re- 

 markable for its dimenlions and the largenefs of the ftones, which are of different mag- 

 nitudes and figures. Thofe compofing the principal part of the work are of fuch pro- 

 digious dimenfions, that it is difficult to imagine how it was poffible for the ftrength of 

 man, unaffifted by machines, to have brought them hither from the quarries. The 

 interlaces formed by the irregularities of thefe enormous maifes are filled with fmaller, 

 and fo clofely joined, as not to be perceived without a very narrow infpedion. One of 

 thefe large ftones is flill lying on the ground, and feems not to have been applied to 

 the ufe intended, and is fuch an enormous mafs, that it is aftonifhing to human reafon 

 to think by what means it could be brought thither. It is called La Canfada, or the 

 Troublefome, alluding probably to the labour of bringing it from the quarry. The 

 internal works of this fortrefs confifl of apartments, and two other walls are chiefly in 

 ruins, but the outward wall is flanding. 



The city of Cufco is nearly equal to that of Lima. The north and weft fides are 

 furrounded by the mountain of the fortrefs, and others called Sanca : on the fouth, it 

 borders on a plain, on which are feveral beautiful walks. Moft of the houfes are of 

 ftone, well contrived and covered with tiles, whofe lively red gives them an elegant ap- 

 pearance. The apartments are very fpacious, and finely decorated, the inhabitants be- 

 ing noted for their elegant tafte. The mouldings of all the doors are gilt, and the other 

 ornaments and furniture anfwerable. 



The cathedral of Cufco, both with regard to materials, architedure, and difpofition, 

 greatly refembles that of Lima, but is a much fmaller ftrudure. It is built entirely of 

 ftone, and the architefture is even thought to exceed it. The facrifty is called Nuef- 

 tra Senora del Triumpo, being the place where the Spaniards defended themfelves from 

 the fury of the Indians, when furrounded by the army of the Ynca Mango ; and, 

 though the whole city was feveral times fet on fire, the flames had no efieft on this 

 part ; which was attributed to the fpecial protedion of the Holy Virgin, It is ferved 

 by three priefts, one in particular for the Indians of the parifh, and the other two for 

 the Spaniards. Befides this, Cufco alfo contains eight other parifhes ; namely, 



I. Belin. — II. The church of the general hofpital, which has* alfo its prieft and its 

 parifli. — ^in. Santa Anna.— IV. Santiago. — V. San Bias- — VI. San Chriftoval. — VIL 



San 



