728 NIEUH0F1<*S BRAZIL. 



under 50" 42' fouthern latitude, three leagues from Punto Negro, coming from the 

 weft fide of the continent. It difembogues four leagues about the fort Keulen, called 

 by the Portuguefe Tres Reyos : it bears fhips of great burthen ; but the river Kunhao 

 in the fame captainlhip is only navigable with barges and yachts. The bays of 

 this captainfhip are, Bahia Formofa, Punto Negro, Ponto de Pipas, and the bay of 

 Martin Tiiflen. The bay of Ginapabo lies beyond Rio Grande to ' the north ; 

 and beyond that a river called Guafiavi, upon which, near the mouth, lies the 

 village Atape Wappa. Near to the north you meet with the river Siria Mixui ; and 

 near the village of Natal, and the fort of Tres Reyos, paiTes a river called the Crofs 

 River, which arifes out of a fmall lake in Rio Grande. Over-againft the fame fort, a 

 frefh river falls into the great river, betwixt two land-banks, and not far from thence 

 another falt-water river. 



The fort Keulen was four-fquare, built upon a rock or point of a receif, at fome 

 diftance from the fhore, at the mouth of the river Receif; being furrounded with 

 water, as often as it is flowing water, fo that at high tide there is no coming at it but 

 with boats. In the midft of this fort is a fmall chapel, where in 1645 ^^^ 1646 our 

 people found a wall about a foot and a half wide on the top, but at the bottom three 

 foot, cut within a rock, which brings frefli fupplies of good and fweet water every 

 tide; with an ordinary tide two hundred and twenty -five, and at fpring-tide about 

 three hundred and fifty quarts ; which is more than fufEcient for the ufe of the garri- 

 fon, in cafe of a fiege. The fort is built of fquare ftone ; being towards the fhore 

 defended with two half baflions, in form of hornworks. In the year 1 646, there was 

 an artillery of twenty-nine, as well brafs as iron pieces of cannon in the place, and 

 provided with a good undervault, and convenient lodgments for the foldiers. 



This fort was. in 1633 taken by the Dutch, under the command of Matthias van 

 Keulen, one of the governors of the company, who being aflifted by feveral noted 

 captains, viz. Byma, Kloppenburg, Lichthart, Garftman, and Mansfelt van Keulen, 

 fet fail thither with eight hundred and eight men, embarked in four fhips and feven 

 yachts, and made himfelf mafter of it, and the whole captainlhip at the fame time ; 

 fince which it changed its name Tres Reyos into that of Keulen, from the commander- 

 in-chief of this expedition. 



The Tapoyers (or mountaineers) ufe commonly twice a-year, efpeclally when the 

 dry feafon puts them in want of frefh water, to make an inroad into this captainlhip ; 

 there being a conflant enmity betwixt them and the Portuguefe. It happened in July 

 1645, that thefe Tapoyers being advertifed that the Portuguefe intended to revolt 

 from us, and had adually begun the fame in Pernambuko, did, under the conduct of 

 one of their leaders, called Jacob Rabbi, after feveral provocations given them by the 

 Portuguefe, make an incurfion into Kunhao, where they killed thirty-fix perfons in a 

 fugar-mill belonging to one Gonfalvo d*01ivera. From thence they marched to a cer- 

 tain place, where the Portuguefe had caft up a line for their defence, which they 

 made themfelves mafters of, and put the Portuguefe to the fword. The Brazilians 

 told us, that this had been done in requital of what had been done to fome of thofe 

 mountaineers by one Andrew Vidal, in Serinhaim, after quarter given them before, of 

 which we fhall fay more hereafter. Since which time, the Portuguefe have laid this trad: 

 defolate, which the Dutch once had a mind to re-people, and to put it in the fame 

 condition as the Portuguefe had pofTeffed it, but for want of people that defign was fain 

 to be laid afide. 



The 



