NEW HAMPSHIRE 



"About this time— 1800 to 1810— the apple orchards in 

 town which had been early set out, produced apples in 

 abundance, which were made into cider. Every man 

 had his orchard, and every tenth man his cider-mill. 

 Every well-to-do farmer put into his cellar yearly from 

 20 to 00 barrels of cider which was all drunk on the 

 premises. Col. John Bellows had an or.-liard i.f ISO 

 acres, the largest in town. In lf<ii.'i iIh r.- w. r,- Isnn har- 

 rels of cider made and every drc]' 'Inink in !"« n. " 



At the present time a good niany ..1,1 an.l >. m. wl.ai 

 neglected apple orchards an- t.. I... |..nii.l, an.l ili.-v,- 

 often bear good crops of maik. lal 1. liuii. At the 

 annual meeting of the N.w 1 la]iip-l.ii-.. I l.nti.-ultural 

 Society in January, 18ii;1. it was , -.iniai..! that t-."Ull.000 

 worth of apples were exi...rt.-cl If.. in ihr stair in 1898. 

 Of these about one-half were raised in the two south- 

 eastern counties— Strafford and Eockingham, 



The varieties most commonly grown for export are 

 Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening. Nnrthcrn Spy, 

 Fameuse, Blue Pearmain, Yellnw ['.. IIH'.v. , r, ar.I Kiv-- 



The newer varieties are of cour.^. i . ., . . ,. i. , , a i :. 



very few large orchards are b. in , . . i .i, 



fall apples are abundant for loial , : 



Very little has been done in a .j.jii.iii. .. :.! .' .} \. nl. 

 the drupaceous fruits. Plums are siiccissfully raisid 

 on a small scale. The Lombard is undoubtedly the 

 favorite variety, although the Japanese plums appear 

 to be able to withstand the climate, and are rapidly 

 growing in favor. 



Peaches are raised in a few somewhat isolated in- 

 stances, and it is worthy of note that the peach-growers 

 of five years ago are still in the business. The intro- 

 duction of this fruit as a money crop is of such recent 

 date that records are hard to obtain, but it is estimated 

 that three crops in five or possibly six years is about 

 the average production. Perhaps hardier varieties will 

 be developed as time goes on. The Barnes peach, a 

 New Hampshire seedling, is a step in this direction. 

 Its originator describes it as being "of good size and 

 color, a freestone, with very yellow and solid flesh of 

 fine flavor." "It ripens in the southern part of the 

 state about Sept. 10, and is the hardiest in wood and 

 bud of anything yet fruited here." 



Market gardening and the raising of small fruits 

 receive some attention, especially in the Merrimac 

 river valley. 



Greenhouse gardening is carried on to a limited ex- 

 tent near the larger towns and cities. Flowers receive 

 their full share of attention, but a good many winter 

 vegetablfs are still imported from the. neighboring 



state ..r Massa..lius,.tts. 



Till- N. " llanipsliire Horticultural Society was 

 organiz. .i in I)..-, nil.ir, 1893, and after a year of pros- 

 perity was L.-rant.-il an appropriation of three hundred 

 dollars a year by the legislature. This sum enabled 

 the society to hold an annual exhibit in each of the 

 two following years, and also several institutes in dif- 

 ferent parts of the state. The legislature which met in 

 January, 1897, however, fail. .1 t.. iiniki. the appropria- 

 tion, and the society wa^ ...in].. 11. .1 to rely upon its 

 officers and members t.. .irrv ..n th. wc.rk. The annual 

 exhibits were then hel.l m i...)iii. .•ii..n with the State 

 Grange Fair. 



A department of horticulture was established at the 

 New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Me- 

 chanic Arts, at Durham, in 1895 and has grown in both 

 usefulness and influence. 



Willi Ihi' two last-named powers for good, working 

 fnr the ailvaii.-enniLl nf hortieultnri- in the state, and 

 tlie I'ael llial eniii.'iiitinM fr.nii tlie farms to the cities 

 is rapidly ili-i-reasiiig. if nut already reversed, it is to 

 be hopefl and expected that within the next decade 

 New Hampshire will rank as a horticultural state, 

 judged not so much by the gross amount of the output. 

 as by the quality of tier products, and the intelligence 

 of the producers. j. a. Foord. 



NEW JERSEY, HOaTICCLTUEE IN. Fig. 1481. The 

 stale "( New Jersey, situated as it is between the large 

 markets of Philadelphia on the one side and Newark, 

 Jersey City and Greater New York on the other, is almost 

 necessarily a market-garden and fruit-growing state. The 

 soils found in the different sections also contribute to this 



NEW JERSEY 



1081 



end. In the northern part, disintegrating sandstone and 

 slaty formations abound -a soil in which the peach does 

 its best. The san.ly -.il- ..f ^^ I'h J, rsey make that part 

 of the state note.l' I ' , ' . aries, etc. Between 



these two classes ..I : i ..thers of all grades, 



in one or another <.f . , ,. i. n. ... , . . i ery kind of fruit and 



1 1 ...!:,.. ...1 1 hat there arc in New Jersey approxi- 

 I. . . mners. A little more than one-tenth of 



ii, _..! in commercial pomology — comnier- 



.i.l III III. II I h. \ are growing fruit for market, depending 

 on their fruit-product for the money-crop of the farm. 

 Those who have planted larger or smaller areas primarily 

 for home use, yet in good years have a surplus to dispose 



100 



111. 1 1 Hi I -1 1 1 III - I. r ihe state is the peach. The area 

 dev.iteil to its culture exceeds that of all the other tree 

 and small fruits combined by nearly 100 acres. In the 

 distribution of this area, a little over 83 per cent is 

 found in the five northern or northwestern counties, 

 i.e., Hunterdon, Sussex, Warren, Morris and Somerset, 



ugh with its present 

 soon be first 



The second fruit in importance is the apple, although 

 the area devoted to its culture is a little less than one- 

 third that devoted to peaches. The other fruits, in order 

 of importance in total areas, are strawberries, pears. 



