1096 



NORTH DAKOTA 



sweet and rich when ripe, but too soft to keep well. In 

 a domestie way wild plum jelly is recognized as a staple 

 article of superior merit, and though the plums are 

 abundant in most seasons, yet they readily bring $2 per 

 bushel in the local markets. The improved strains of 

 this plum, like the DeSoto, Weaver and Aitkin, are 

 being introduced and successfully cultivated. The buf- 

 falo berry is found from the James river westward, 

 growing in thickets along streams and coulees. The 

 bright red acid fruit is borne in the greatest profusion, 

 but is rather difficult to gather, as it is sessile and 

 thorns are plenty. It makes a clear jelly of n.ldisl] 

 amber color and delicate flavor. The choki' ih.n y "f 

 North Dakota is a puzzle botanically, and uiiiil luiili. r 

 studied may as well pass for P. demissa. U is ni ;in r 

 to that, in superficial chai'afl.i--^ :ii ]<:ts(. tli.ni 1" /*. I tr- 

 giniana. The fruit is usi-,1 |.. .mm,, ,\triit |\,r « mr .'nid 

 marmalade and with otlu-r limi m iiiakmu jriih s. /'. 

 puniUa is widely scatteri-d Imii u"t :il.iiii.l;uii . and tin: 

 fruit is used but little. In the w^>,urii p;irt of tin: htute 

 the Juneberry produces abundantly a large fruit of 

 rich flavor, but is more often used fresh from the 

 bushes than in a culinary way. The rapid settling of 

 the state has increased the demand for native fruits to 

 such an extent that their value is being appreciated, 

 and private ovraership even in wild fruits is being iii- 

 sisted upon and recognized. This, of course, leads di- 

 rectly to the development and preservation of the better 

 strains. Clare Bailey Waldron. 



NORTHWEST TERBITOKT. See Canada. 



NOTHOFAGUS (<4r.-.-k M-or.U. meaning not a true 



beech). Cupulil,r« \ ..r iihout 12 species, native 



of S.America, An- ., . - > Zealand, closely allied 



to Pagus, but i-1m: ' -: II IumI by the fls., both 



staminate and iii-^tillii ^ I" in- borne in 3's or soli- 

 tary. The Ivs. are geiuTally small, often evergreen and 

 either plicate in bud, like those of Fagus, or not. The 

 wood of some species, especially that of If. Dombeyi and 

 N. procera, in Chile, and of iV. Citnninghami, in Aus- 

 tralia, is much valued. They are not hardy in the North, 

 and but little known in cultivation; they are probably 

 not cult, in this country, though the following 4 species 

 have been introduced into European gardens and have 

 proved fairly hardv in Knirlnnd: .V. Anfdrefirn. Oerst., 

 IV.ohllqua, Oerst.. \. i..t„l„),h'>: . O.Tst.. .V. ri\„,nnii- 

 iiajftj, Oerst., all ti-cr^ .n- scimcliiu.'-i shniM 

 ovate or elliptic, ciT]iair-.|iiii:iir Ivs., ',,-] 

 2 first named arc cl.ci.limus, the (.tln-r j i-vcrgrecn. 

 They are perhaps oftener enumerated under Fagus, but 

 besides the difference in the fls. they are strikingly dif- 

 ferent in habit, especially on account of their very small 

 Ivs., large only in N. procera. Alfred Rehder. 



NOXHOLiENA (Latin, spurlons, cloak; from the 

 rudimentary indusium). PolypodiAcew. Often written 

 Nothochlwna, but the above is Robert Brown's original 

 orthography. A genus of mostly wnim t-mi" r.n mck- 

 loving ferns, differing from Cheilam ■ i i i i hiv 



ing no marginal indusium. Sonn I - .ur 



coated with a golden or silvery wii\ 111,1 |.i.,','i.i. riM' 

 following have been advertised only uin-u l,v a .1. ulcr in 

 native plants. See Fern. 



A. Fronds densely matted beneath. 

 B. Li's. once pinnate. 



slnuita, Kaulf. Lvs. 1-2 ft. long. 1-2 in. wi<lp, grow- 

 ing on short stalks from thick, scaly rootstocks; piiiiiai 

 thick, entire or deeply pinnatifid ; lower surface with 

 rusty scales. Southwestern U. S. to Chile. 



ferruginea, Hook. Lvs. 6-12 in. long, }4-l in. wide, 

 growing on wiry Idack stalks from thick, dark, scaly 

 rootstalks; pinnse deeply pinnatifid, with blunt lobes; 

 texture thinner ; lower surface densely matted with 

 wool. Southwestern U. S. to West Indies and Chile. 

 BB. £fs. S- to 4-pinnaie. 



Nfiwberryl, D. C. Eaton. Cotton Fern. Lvs. 3-.5in. 

 long, on stalks of the same Irnijth ; ultimate segments 

 %-]4 line wide. cnv. n-d on both sides with slender, 

 entangled hairs, whiili an- nicjre dense on the under 

 surface. Calif. 



The 



NUPHAR 



PArryi, D. C. Eaton. Lace Fern. Lvs. 2-4 in. long, 

 tripinnate, with crowded roundish obovate segments 1 

 line wide, which are densely covered above with entan- 

 gled white hairs, beneath with a heavier pale brown 

 wool. Utah to Calif. 



AA. Fronds u'ith white or yellow powder beneath, 



cret&cea, Liebra. Rootstock short, with rigid scales : 

 lvs. 1-2 in. each way, pentagonal on brownish stalks 

 2-7 in. long; ultimate segments oblong or triangular- 

 oblong, crowded. Southern Calif, and Ariz. — Less 

 hnndsome than the similar but larger and less divided 

 jV. lliiolitri of Texas to Arizona. 



Candida, Hook. Rootstock creeping : lvs. 3-6 in. long, 

 ■ ■vale or deltoid-ovate, pinnate; lowest pinnte with 

 inferior pinnules elongated and again pinnatifid; upper 

 surface green. Tex. and New Mex. 



AAA. Fronds naked below. 



t§nera, Gillies. Lvs. 3-4 in. long, ovate-pyramidal, 

 2-:i-pinnate ; pinnre distant, with ovate or subcordate, 

 smooth, naked segments. S. Utah and Calif . to Bolivia. 

 -Very rare. l. m. Underwood. 



N0TH6SC0RDUM (Greek, false garlic). Lilittcece. 

 About 10 species of herbs having an onion-like bull) 

 and closely related to Allium. Most of the species are 

 found in tropical S. Amer., 1 in China and 1 in the 

 U. S., ranging from Va. to Ind., Neb. and southward, 

 in open woodlantls and prairies. The bulb is without 

 the onion odor and taste: scape 6-12 in. high: lvs. 

 linear, basal, 0-12 in. long : fls. yellow or white, in an 

 umbel : capsule oblong-obovate, somewhat lobed, ob- 

 tuse: style obscurely jointed : ovary 3-loculed ; ovtiles 

 several in each locule. 



striitum, Kunth. Yellow False Garlic. Streak- 

 leaved Garlic. Bulb globul.ar, 1 in. through, some- 

 times bearing bulhlcts at base : scape 1 ft. or less 

 high : lvs. 7-8 in. hi.;;h. 1-2 linns hn.a.l : lis, wliiin. r,-7 



oblong, 4-0 lines Ion;,': ..\nlns 17 in .ihIi , ■,■!]. fnnly 

 spring. Va.,west. B,l!, I : 1 1,'., — llaialy, I'l nnni-aMr frnni 

 dealers in native plants. jj, g. Coulston. 



NOVA SCOTIA. See Canada. 



Nt'FHAR (from the Arabic). Nijmphce.&cea!. Spat- 

 ter-dock. Yellow Pond Lily. Six or eight aquatic 

 plants of the north temperate zone, with stout root- 

 stocks creeping in the mud, and large, cordate-ovate or 

 sagittate lvs., some of which are floating and others 

 either floating or standing erect above the water: fls. 

 usually standing above the water, yellow or purplish, 

 single on the scapes, the sepals 5 or 6 or more and con- 

 stituting the showy part of the flower; petals numer- 

 ous, small and usually simulating stamens, the latter 

 numerous and short: ovary short and globular-ovoid, 

 with 8-24 stigmas forming rays on its top: fr. a small, 

 emersed capsule. The largest part of the Niiphars are 

 North American. They grow in stagnant ].ools or on 

 the margins of slow-running mudbniimn siivanis. 

 Although several species have been otTi r, d l.\ ,li ,il. rs, 

 most of them have small value for Ibn . nil i v.iinr. al- 

 though the foliage effects of .V, „,;,.. ,n, n. i- ii,, striking. 

 For culture, see iV,i/m.p;i<En ami l,»., - i;-, some tlio 



Linn«>an Nymphrea is used t'l.r i ! 1 ('astalia 



is used for the true water liln . - ■ ■. ■'n.m. 

 A. Li's. mostly cordate Jiui, . „.,i::,,ni. 

 B. Plants strong and large. 



Advena, Smith. Common Spatter-dock. Fig. 1495. 

 Lvs. largo (about 1 ft. long), varying from cordate- 

 ovate to cordate-oblong, thick, with a deep and mostly 

 open basal sinus, the lower surface often pubescent; 

 submerged lvs. usually wanting: fls. 2-3 in. across, 

 more or less globular (not wide-opening), yellow or 

 purple tinged, the petals fleshy and truncate, the sepals 

 0: .stigma with 12-24 rays. N. Brunswick to Fla. and 

 west. Mu. 1:17. G.C. II. 20:557. 



rubrodiscum, Morong. Lvs. somewhat smaller; sub- 

 merged lvs. usually present: fls. 1-1 K in. across, yel- 

 low, with 5 or sepals, the stigmatic disk bright red 

 and 9-12-rayed, the petals spatulate and fleshy. Penn. 

 to Mich., and north. 



