1104 NYMPH.EA 



likely to be found emptj' of water just as the plants aro 

 showing their flrst flowers. 



Another method of construction which is better than 

 the preceding is to line the pond with well-tampered 

 clay, from 4-U in. thick, afterward covering with 2 in. of 

 sand. Such a pond can be made water-tight, but the 

 sides will wash and repairs are needed; the water is 

 muddy and the plants are dirty and anything but a 

 thing of beauty and a joy forever. 



There are yet the advocates for tub culture. Yes, 

 plants will grow in tubs, and as soon as the plant-food 

 is exhausted, which is often at an early date, the plants 

 exist awhile and then draw out a miserable, exhausted 

 and discouraging career. 



Fountain basins are often made the receptacles for 

 Nymphseas. There they may be grown if the right con- 

 ditions are accorded them, but there must not be a 

 stream or spray of cold water running all the time, as 

 the water can readily be made cold, chilling the plants 

 and checking their growth. 



Enemies. — Nymphfeas have insect pests like other 

 cultivated plants. Aphides are sometimes troublesome. 

 The best remedy is theirnatural enemy, the "lady bugs" 

 or "lady birds." A colony of these voracious insects 

 makes short work of the aphides, as do also the lace- 

 winged flies. An insect of recent acquaintance with 

 Nymphseas is a leaf-miner, the larva of a small fly, 

 which cuts channels through the leaf in all directions. 

 Sometimes only a few of these ai-e in evidence, at other 

 times the leaves are fairly alive with them. The trouble 

 is easily detected. The marks suggest Japanese writing 

 or the efforts of youthful artists. A simple and effec- 

 tive remedy is kerosene emulsion, applied with a fine 

 spray at evening after the flowers are closed. Another 

 troublesome insect has its home in Florida, and has 

 come north to spend the summer in a favored clime. 

 This is a leaf-cutter, Hijdroeampa proprialis. The 

 larva cuts out pieces of tlie leaf and hides between two 

 pieces, which makes a kind of tent. In this tent the 

 larva moves about. At first it moves slowly, b^it as it 

 nears maturity the larva becomes ravenous and then 

 eats the surface of the leaves near the center, and cuts 

 off much larger pieces of the leaf for camping-out pur- 

 poses. The best remedy for this pest is a lamp trap for 

 the mature insect. Frogs and dragon-flies will catch 

 numbers of them. 



Nymphaeas are also subject to a fungous disease, a 

 leaf -spot which is easily discerned after a spell of warm, 

 humid weather. After such a spell of weather, followed 

 by bright sunshine,the leaves are scorched and crumpled , 

 and as a result, the plant is sadly crippled by beiii^ 

 denuded of its foliage; new leaves are weak uiid 

 smaller, and so too are the flowers, if indeed there :trf 

 any. This disease must be checked at once or the phiiits 

 will be severely set back, if not ruined. The only rem- 

 edy is Bordeaux mixture, or any of the various mixtures 

 with .sulfate of copper as the basis. Use a fine spray, 

 and dilute the mixture to half the strength recommended 

 for rao.st plants. It is best to spr.iy twi^e with .1. weak 

 solution rather than to s]ir;iy om-c wiili fno stmiii.' .-i s(.- 

 lutiou and to damage the li'li;i;;r. W'm, 'Ikm ki;i;. 



WATER-T,TI,IF,S IN CAI.IKnl;M \.-'l'll.- .■lllllir.' iiT \\lll- 



East f! 

 In fr<j 

 is fre. 



that it can be covered with 1 

 suitable protection. Very little 1 

 when thov nre dormant. The 

 both the tr,r.lv.i..l t,.,„l,.r vMri.l 



Califcriii-^ :.~ i i-'.-.. '-■'■ 



COllecti . .! . .- I" 1. : 



1 .ull.vating 



iwing a small 

 be made by 

 of concrete, 



ith concrete. 



d for all the 



brick or ^l-m , imrl , ..\ mn:.. lli.' 



The best iiuality of ci-meiit slioul 



work. An overflow pipe should be put in and so ar 



ranged that tiie pool may be emptied when occasioi 



NYJ11'H.KA 



requires. Basins 20 or 30 feet in diameter, or even 

 larger than this, are desirable for growing a good col- 

 lection. In a small pool, wooden boNP^ lii iTi.-)i<-« deep 

 and 18 inches to 2 feet square may I"' n-i .1 i" l"!.! ^.lil 

 for the plants. In a large basin .sonu i 1 may 



be .S or 4 feet square. While most aqi 1 1 n,V 



freely in contracted quarters, they \\ill hilum L.-ri:.iir 

 perfection and produce much larger flowers if they have 

 abundance of room both for the roots and the leaves. 



The majority of these plants are gross feeders, and it 

 is well-nigh impossible to make the soil too rich for 

 them. It is not necessary to go to a swamp or natural 

 pond to obtain what is suitable. Any soil whiili will 

 grow good vegetables will, if properly enriched, grow 

 Water-lilies. A compost, consisting of two-thirds good 

 soil and one-third thoroughly decayed cow or stable 

 manure, with a sprinkling of bone meal, is recom- 

 mended. A dark friable loam, which is intermediate 

 between "adobe" and sandy loam, is desirable for this 

 purpose. The tenderest varieties, such as JV. Dcrnni- 

 euxia and JV. dentata, will flower for a long period with- 

 out any forcing; but if started into growth in March in 

 a greenhouse or hotbed and planted in the pond in May, 

 there will be a great gain in the length of the flowering 

 season. The soil for the tender varieties should be 

 renewed every year, and that for the hardy ones every 

 two years. 



If aphides or the worm known as the leaf-roller make 

 their appearance tlie l-nv.-..- ..-lioiiM 1..- ■.pi-Myed with 



kerosene emulsion > . r- i- Ii ,!iiii..|, ii-m;; 1 part 



emulsion to 1.5 of w:i' I I i lil.switha 



natural earth botti.ni '1 \\ .ii.r-lilies, 



care must be taken 1I1.11 im.m.u- \^..cl- d,. not get a 

 foothold. Cat-tails (Tijpha IniUvIin) aii<l "tules"or 

 bulrushes are troublesome if not destroyed when they 

 first make their appearance. In California the number 

 of tropical and subtropical trees, shrubs and plants 

 which may be planted out permanently is very great. 

 Palms, both fan-leaved and feathery, "giant bamboos. 

 Musas, Strelitzias, Papyrus, giant grasses, Fatsia and 

 Caladiums are among the things which can be used to 

 ornament the surroundings of the water-garden. 



Edmund D. Sturtevant. 



The Genus Nymph.(EA divides itself readily into 2 

 main divisions, which again are subdivided into G 

 groups, accoriling to Pasparv (Ann. Mn.s, Lugd.-Bat. 2, 

 p. 240 ff. ; Ki,i.'ler-Praiitl. PtlaDzeiifaniilieii :i, 2, p. 7 ff. ) : 



Section 1. Si/t/rn rpons i\ifin/>Inr'is. i. e.. carpels en- 

 tirely fused t..f,r,.tl„.r. i>:ili„l,ll;ll„l,l,'ini.Cn^\K} 



ous.- Tender night-bloomers: fis. red ur wliite on strong 

 scapes 3-12 in. above the water, opening on 4 successive 

 nights. Two or 3 species in S. Europe and Asia and N. 

 and Central Africa. 



Subgenus 11. Hydkocallis. Sepals not evidently 

 iicrM'.l: ,-.ii|„.|l.ii y styles long, club-shaped: petals in 

 alii 1 ii.ii MIL' . II, Ics <if 4: stamens much as in Castalia, 

 III! ..|,i iiiiii; aliiiiii tlie same time: rhizome ovate, stolon- 

 iliriiii I'l mil r night - Idoomers: fls. creamy white. 



Sul.;,'rnn. III. \ \\ I ii.vNTHA. Sepals not evidently 

 nrrvr.l: |ilaMi vpivaii m- rapidly by rimners (except in 

 livliri.l>i: lis. \rllow lliroughout; stamens as in Cas- 

 ■i-vi^iA ; rliizuiiie sliuri, erect. — Day-bloomers, half-hardy. 

 Two species in S. North America. 



Subgenus IV. Castalia. Sepals not evidently 

 nerved: carpellary styles flat, not clavate: outer sta- 

 mens petaloid, becoming narrower inward : inmost sta- 

 mens flrst to ripen, their filaments short, narrower or but 

 slightly wider than the anthers: rhizome horizontal 

 (except in iV. tetragona), with no bark or other protec- 

 tion against drought. — Hardy day-bloomers: fls. white, 

 pink or red. Mostly natives of temperate climates. 

 About 6 species in Europe, N. Asia, and America. 



Section II. Apocarpous Nympliwas, i. e., carpels free 

 at the sides, united at their edges to the central column 

 of the fl. and at their backs to the receptacle. — Outermo.st 

 stamens ripening first, inmost last : rhizome ovate, 

 stoloniferous. — Tender day - bloomers : fls. on strong 



