ODONTOOLOSSUM 



wiczii, Reichb. f— MUtonia Endresii.-O. Welt 

 tenia Warscewiczii. Heinrich H 



(EC6CLADES. See under Dendropliijlax. 



(ENOTHfiEA (said to be Greek for wine-scenting; in 

 allusion to the ancient use of the rootsj. Onagrdcem. 

 Evening Primrose. Herbs, or sometimes shrubby at 

 the base, with alternate simple or pinnatisect leaves and 

 mostly showy fls., which are yellow, white or rose-color: 

 calyx with a tube prolonged beyond the angled or cylin- 

 drical ovary, with 4 usually strongly reflexed lobes; 

 petals 4, mostly obovate or spatulate; stamens 8, with 

 narrow mostly versatile anthers: fruit a 4-valved locu- 

 licidal capsule. The CEnotheras are mostly dry-soil 

 plants and are chiefly North American. Some of them 

 are South American, and Bentham & Hooker admit one 

 plant which grows in Tasmania. The genus is poly- 

 morphous, and there is consequently great difference of 

 opinion as to generic bounds. What is commonly re- 

 garded as one genus is broken up into ten or a dozen 

 genera by some authors. TIi. ^r iiiiii.ir genera are here 

 treated as subgenera, fi.r tin l'I"ii|. is fairly homoge- 

 neous from the hortii.'ultiuiil ]".iiii Ml view, and an en- 

 tirely new set of names iu >. v. ral >ti:iiif;e genera could 

 scarcely be forced on tlju trudc. The Uodetia section 

 contains some excellent flower-garden plants, and some 

 of the true CEnotheras make glowing displays of yellow 

 in the border; but the greater number of the species 

 are of only secondary importance to the cultivator. 

 Amongst the best of the border-plant species are (E. 

 friiticosa, var. i'oungii, (E. glauca, var. Fraseri, CE. 

 caspitosa, CE. Missouriensis, (E. speciosa. For a 

 botanical revision of the North American species, see 

 Serene Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts &"Sci. 8:573 

 (May 13, 1873). L. H. B. 



There is nothing special to say about the culture of 

 CEnotheras except to note the tender kinds and the bi- 

 ennials. All do well in ordinary garden soil, enjoying 

 sunshine. They are easily raised from seeds and cut- 

 tings. (E. acautis, eiimia (properly (E. cwspitima) are 

 low-growing biennials which do well treated as annuals. 

 They will not endure the winter. (E. Missouriensis is 

 a splendid trailer, with enormous yellow tiowers, and 

 seed vessels. It is quite hardy, and a fine rock garden 

 plant. (E. biennis, the common Evening Primrose, is 

 rather weedy, and only fit for the wilder parts of the 

 garden. iE. biennis, var. grandiflora, is a better form. 

 (E. fruticosa and CE. Fraseri are two of our best 

 border kinds, with stiff, branching stems. CE. linearis 

 is a pretty little species, often naturalized but well 

 worth growing. Childs' Mexican Primrose is tender, 

 but makes a pretty plant for hanging pots. CE. speciosa 

 is a very fine species, but spreads so quickly by under- 

 ground stems as to become a weed in favorable situa- 

 tions : it is good for naturalizing in wild grounds. 



T. D. Hatfield. 



CEnothera is represented in Colorado by a diversity 

 of sppriflr forms which have- bi-un seirregated into no 

 ■x :-i Tir rn Of tlir'^f' rn i|-!yall aro peren- 



CENOTHEHA 



lll'J 



nial. '/•■ ■ '' '■ I':- I I,, ■. - ,. "1^ r.'stjiii,' I'xcep- 

 tioii. "■ " '/ ,, ' . vill I, loom the 



first s, ;, :i II .. , ...;, ..:.■: - :,., ,::,,• othors will if 



sown c:,!-!; . A I. ■ 1. 111. I, .irt .^luv. 1., -rriuiiiatL-, notably 

 tE.hrarlijfuijKi ami (E. cnxjiilnsd, which usually pro- 

 duce some plants the first season, but most of the seeds 

 remain dormant until the second year. (E. brachycarpa 

 includes two forms of specific rank, the typical form 

 belonging to the western slope of the Rocky mountains 

 and agreeing with Britton & Brown's description and 

 illustration, but flowers 2 inches broad, seeds purplish 

 black. The CE. brncliijcarpa of the eastern slope, so 

 called by botanists and collectors, has flowers 4 to Tt 

 inches broad, capsule \% to 2 inches long ( !), broadly 

 winged, seeds larger than of any other species, of angu- 

 lar form, lisht brown. Foliage resembling that of CE. 

 Missonrieusis and seems to be most nearly related to 



71 



the latter species. The western typo seems not to be in 

 the trade. 



As to culture, most sorts seem to prefer a porous soil 

 with a rather large proportion of sand, an ideal soil 

 consisting largely of decomposed granite with some 

 vegetable matter. They seem to be quite adaptive, and 

 CE. brachycarpa, Missouriensis, etc., are found some- 

 times in stiff clay soil. An abundance of sunshine is 

 natural to most sorts. p. jj Andrews. 



INDEX. 



acanlis. 17. glauca, 10. pumila. 13. 



albicaulis, 7. gloHosa, 21. purpurea. 20. 



amcena, 20. Erandiflora. 5. 21. quadrivulnera, 22. 



biemiin, 5. Lainarchiana, 5. riparia, 12. 



bifrons, 20. LiiidUiii, 20. rosea, 16. 



Ijistorta, 2. linearis, 12. roseo-alba, 20. 



brachycarpa. 19. macrocarpa, 9. rubicunda, 20. 



ctespitosa, 18. major. 11. sen-ulata, 4. 



Californica, 8. marginata, 18. speciosa, 14. 



cheiranthifolia, 3. Mexican Primrose, taraxacifolia, 17. 

 tetraptera, 15. 



amondi, 6. 

 ia. 18. 



Veitchiana 2. 



fruticosa, 11. pinnatifida, 7. Youngii, 11. 



A. Stigma capitate or disk-like, entire 



B. Calyx-tube filiform I. Taraxia, below. 



BB. Calyx-tube short, obconic or funneltorm . 



n. SpttSKOSTKJMA, below. 

 aa. Stigma deeply 4-eleft oral least 4-toothed. 



B. Stamens of equal length. 



c. Calyx-tube shorter than the ovary 



III. Meriolix, p. 1120 

 cc Calyx-lube usually much exceeding the 

 ovary. 



D. Seeds angled, horizontal in the pod 



IV. Onagra, p. 1120 

 DD. Seeds not angled, ascending. 

 e. Fls. yellow, erect in bud: seeds in S 



rows ill each locule V. CEnothera, p. 1120 



EE. Fls. iilul, „,■ pink, drooping in bud: 



■^'"'^ '" / "■"■ Vi. Anogha, p. 1120 



C. AiiU,. r.^ r. ,:-.,il,l, . 



D. I'liuit i:iuiU:6ci:iot {with stem]. 



E. Fls. yi lluw. 



F. Seeds crested VII. Megapterium, p. 1120 



FF. Seeds not crested VIII. Kneiffia, p. 1120 



EE. Fls. white, pink or reddish 



IX. Hartmannia, p. 1121 

 Dii. Plant stemless. 



E. Capsule with wrinkled wing-angles 



X. Pachvlophus, p. 1121 

 EE. Capsule with plane or entire u-ing-an- 



gles XI. Lavauxia, p. 1121 



I'C. Anthers attached at base, erect or nearly 



so XII. Godetia, p. 1121 



I. Subgenus Taraxia. Stemless, usually perennial : 



stigma capitate: calyx-tube filiform: capsule 

 sessile, narrow to ovate, usually not winged: fls. 



1. oyikta, Nutt. Perennial, slightly pubescent: Ivs. 

 ovate to lance-oblong, 8 in. or less long, acute, serru- 

 late: calyx-tube sometimes 4 in. long, the petals less 

 than 1 in. long and yellow: fl.-bud erect: capsule J^ in. 

 long. Calif. 



II. Subgenus SpasBOSTiGMA. Stem-hearing: stigma 



capitate: calyx-tube short, inversely conic or fun- 

 neltorm: capsule sessile, linear, not winged: fls. 

 various. 



2. 1)ist6rta, Nutt. One to 2 ft., the base decumbent, 

 hairy and pubescent: radical Ivs. spatulate to lanceo- 

 late and petiolate, dentate: stem Ivs. mostly sessile- 

 ovate to narrow-lanceolate and about 1 in. long, dentate: 

 fls. yellow, turning green, the petals (about K in. long) 

 usually with a brown spot at the base: calyx-tube 1-3 

 in. long : capsule % in. or less long, 4-angled, con- 

 torted. S. Calif. 



Var. Teitchi&na, Hook. More slender: radical Ivs. 

 narrojv-oblanceolatc and long-petioled: capsule longer 

 and narrower {\-VA in. long) and little contorted. 

 S. Calif. B.M. 5078. 



