OKLAHOMA 



protected from the tire. Willi fruit iilam-; ar.- alunidaiit 

 in nearly all parts of the term i , ni-l unilly boar 



moderately well. The plum. p. ■ i i. . Iilack- 



berry and dewberry are most i. i : \ a reason- 

 able amount of cultivation, niu^t iiM.i i~.lowell. 



Young orchards are beginuing i.. bear la iiuarly all 

 parts of the territory. These orchards contain only a 

 short list of varieties, but most of these .seem well 

 adapted to the country. Most varieties show a strong 

 tendencv to early bearing. The fruit is of good form, 

 sizf and quality, and promises to become one of the 

 h-adin- crops. .S.T Indian Terrilory. q. M. Morris. 



OKEA, or GUMBO (ffJftJscMS esculentus). Introduofil 

 into United States and West Indies from Afrii-a, iri 1 

 cultivated for its fruit pods, which are used in i| 

 stews, catsups, etc. In soups and catsup, it givi 

 to the dish; stewed, it is mucilaginous, and win i 

 first not agreeable to many people, a taste for it is i a i! , 

 acquired. It is also dried and canned for winter use. 

 Sow in spring after the ground is thoroughly warmed, 

 in good vegetable land. Make the rows 3 to 5 feet apart, 

 according to variety, and drop seeds about 2 inches 

 apart in the row; cover 1 or 2 inches deep. After plants 

 are six inches high, thin to 1 foot apart for dwarf varie- 

 ties and to about 3 feet for the largest varieties. The 

 seedlings transplant with considerable diificulty, so they 

 need to be started in flower-pots if an extra-early crop 

 is desired. The pods must be gathered before the fiber 

 develops in them: the size will vary with the variety, 

 but if it is too "stringy " to cut with a dull case-knife it 

 is too old. Keep all old pods cut off. The dwarf varie- 

 ties are in greater favor in the South because of their 

 habit of bearing early. A plant, constantly cropped, re- 

 mains in bearing condition until frost kills it, but al- 

 lowed to retain pods it suspends growth until the seeds 

 have matured, when a second growth may take place. 

 Okra will grow for years if not killed by frost or other 

 adverse conditions, i. e., it makes an indeterminate 

 growHi likr .■otton, .ualva. I.ihisriis, (-tc. For shipping, 

 cut tip- -•.•III- , |..-l.iii.'!i-- : :i'i iii.'li .11- -.1 !.Mi_' a- to pre- 



1125 



warui-temperat( 

 Lvs. evergreen 

 often nisty-tnni 



fiol.i.-ii imKu ..1 lilt- ua.l.i -uilaceoi the lv.■^. The drupe 

 is large and blackish: lvs. lanceolate, acute, entire, 

 shining above. For O. fragrans, ilHcifolia, Aquitol- 

 iiim, and for garden treatment of the true Oleas, see 

 Osmiuithus. ,„ H. R. 



OLEANDER btt ^ 



Ol 



is the best 



I crop un certain 



raedy. 

 P. H. Rolfs. 

 annual in the North, originally 

 into the United States from the 

 vated for its young green pods, 

 ich are used in soups, stews and 

 sups, to impart a thick, viscous 

 ^i-.tMicy. like tapioca or sago. 

 ■ n lipc", the black or brown 

 II' lyi-d, globular seeds are 

 MiiiiH* roastfd and used as a 



1520. SI. win;:, in II „ L-n.uu.l. The 



Dwarf Density Okra. s>-'it^ ^ImmiIiI I' ■ .i.'. .ti-l about an 

 A sai.-ill v.iriety vain- itl''h dei-p. 1-J It. asiilMlrr. and in 

 able for the North. rows 2-3 '2 ft. apart, according to 

 the variety, whether dwarf or tall. 

 In the South Okra is very generally cultivated; in the 

 North it is almost unknown and only the dwarf varieties 

 (Fi^-. 1.520) succeed. jl_ g, Kx\vs. 



OLD MAN. Another name for the Southernwood, 

 .-1)/. m/.si./ Ahrolnniim ; also for the Rosemary, .Box- 



uirnins officinalis. 

 OLD-MAN- AND-WOMAN, 



ion Houseleek. 



OLD MAN CACTUS. 

 OLD MAN'S BEABD. 



In Kurope, Clematis Vilalbn; 

 Wild Clematis. C. Virginiana; 

 o.ia : rarely the Fringe Tree, 



or 1 1 I 



small s 1 t irj c rji 

 blue h k jello\ r 

 charicters (e Fl 1 



get 



lit II to 



t Ufe usu llv lo 



fori tl Ivery ( 



sik ttl hs 



Ha4stii H ok I s ^ 1 in long til ptc or o\ t 

 oblong, obtu.se, short-petioled, very leathery, dark 

 green above, white, but not shiny below. B.M. 0592. 

 G.C. III. 20:533. Gn. 38, p. 149. F. 1874, p. 198. -w'. M. 



OLEASTEE. Popular name of Elceagnus Jiortensis. 



OLIVE. Figs. 1521, 1522. California is the principal 

 state in the Union in which the Olive is grown, although 

 there are portions of Arizona and New Mexico in which 

 the climatic conditions are such that it is probable that 

 the industry will in time become perniauently estab- 

 lished on a rather large scale. 



The history of the Olive is of peculiar interest, not 

 alone because it is so closely interwoven with the eco- 

 nomics of the ancients, as well as with the daily life of 

 the people in Asia Minor and in southern Europe, but 

 becau.se of the vicissitudes of cultivation, the difficulties 

 to confront— not yet overcome- and the great possi- 

 bilities for the culture of the fruit commercially. Bo- 

 tanically, the Olive is known as Olea Europwa (which 

 see), belonging to the natural family Olcacese. Olea 

 is a genus of trees and shrubs "having opposite, ever- 

 green, leathery lvs., which are generally entire, smooth, 

 and minutely .scaly; small fls. in compound axillary ra- 

 cemes, or in thyrsi at the end of the twigs ; a small 

 4-toothcd calyx, a 4-cleft corolla, 2 stamens, a 2-cIeft 

 stigma: the fr. a drupe." It is a native of Syria and 

 other Asiatic countries, and has for many centuries be- 

 come naturalized in the south of Europe. 



In the Mission San Diego, in the far southern part of 

 California, were planted the first Olives, according to 



