three-fifths of 



i.le: areolae on 

 lid few bristles, 



tionately slender braiirlies : sti 

 ish brown or lr:i-l r.^l.itnl linrk. 



Cil-likc, 3-10 in. I .n- i.iMl ' 



young growth wiih ^i.^irwlii 



on older growth tlu; bii,--ths 



somewhat spine-like; spines :i-5, spreading, about % in. 



long, grayish : fls. 1 in. wide, red: fr. pyriform, 1-lM in. 



long, scarlet-proliferous, rarely fertile. Brazil. 



37. D4rwinii, Hemsl. A snnll, Tiiinirrmi^ilr jointed, 

 prostrate, ramifying plant a tVw imlirs hi-h: .ioints 

 globose to broadly obovate, I'j m. in ^'ri.;it. <i diam., 

 olive-green: areolaa with yellowish w.imI ana 1. w liristles; 

 spines rigid, 1^2-2 in. long, the luwer uiils shorter and 

 darker: fls. only on top of terminal joints, l-l.'a in. wide, 

 the ioints. Southern S. 



large 



38. diademftta 



soon becomiiiL' ■■ i' -Liwiih :iiiunii:iiit white 



wool and brow i i : ih-,; s|,iim ~ i j. papery, 



flexible, whiti- or in-...- m-h -.Mni .Inrkn- ii|is. oiir-iifth (?) 

 in. long and halt :is wide: tis. rather small, pale yellow. 

 Argentine Republic. 



3!). pulcMUa, Engelm. A small, spreading, numerously 

 branched plant, seldom more than 6 in. high: joints as"- 

 cending, 2% in. long and J4 in. thick, obovate to clavate : 

 areolae crowded, with white wool, and yellowish bristles 

 which become more numerous and larger with age; 

 spines 10-15, of variable length, the central one flattened, 

 flexible, somewhat papery, 1 in. long: fls. from the top 

 of the joints, purplish to rose-red, 1-1/^ in. wide: fr. 

 broadly clavate, 1 in. long, with long, hair-like, flexible 

 white spines, dry. Nev , Ariz. 



40. clavata, Entrelm. A low. s,.r.-a.liiiir phmt, 4-6 in. 

 high, fonniii- ,l,-,is,. mats ..f asr,Mi,linL' joini- i-r, ft. in 

 diam.: joints 1-:! in. l..ii-aii.l 1 in. lim-k. arm.-. I with nu- 



rigid, white bristles; exterior s|iin.>- i;- 1 I , x'. Ini.'. '.--^ in. 



long, interior 4-7, larger, flattiiMri .1 i - r| '..-1', 



in. long, 1 of the central spines u , '! i .ail; lis. 



yellow, IJ^ in. wide; fr. lon^- .i ,, i-l,, ,liv. 



IK-IH in. long, armed with iiiaii\ ^^ln:r r.nliatini,' 

 bristles. Nev.,NewMex. 



41. Grihamii, Engelm. A low, spreading plant 4-8 in. 

 high, with thick, fusiform roots: joints 2-3 in. long and 

 X in. thick, armed with lonsr, dark spines, brii^ht green; 

 areolae with wliiti' wool and imnirrons |,.ii^-. vc-llowish 

 brown, rigid bii-iii- iilnili Lrcanr i.jn (■..n-inriious on 

 old joints; ext*ri"r -|.iii!- I -, ' , m. |.>iil'. ini. rior 4-7, 

 more rigid iiml Lomvi- ir..-J in.i. nal.lisli to ashy 

 brown : fls. yellow, 1 '.,-2 in. wide : f r. ellipsoidal. l^-liM 

 in. long and half as wide, armed with many large, radi- 

 ating spine-like bristles. New Mex., Tex. 



42. Sch6ttii, Engelm. A wide-spreading, prostrate 

 plant, 4-6 in. liii.'h.wii li nnnH r- .n - .Imoi ,r Nr\ nl 1 1 ranches: 



joints short-cla\.u.. i, , . , ,, i-ing and 



armed with nn r.Mi .1 la' with 



white wool ami \ rr\ I-,, l.r n.-: .■■. nai.ir - 1.| iirs 6-10, 

 very \aii,il.!i ' m, 1 ni.rior usually 4. flattened 



or in-i : :. I aownish red: fls. greenish 



yel^'^^ I ! iilr: fr. short-clavate, the 



nuiiirr-iu- 1,1 ,,,>iM.i niili white wool and many 



short l.ii,,il, ,,. To.'..i„, ;.U-:vi, o. 



43. fimoryi, Engelm. A prostrate and spreading plant 

 with comparatively large, long-clavate, curved joints 

 and reaching a height of 8-12 in.: joints 4-7 in. loii^' 



ight furniture, 



OPUXTIA 



44. invicta. Brand. A imimn.MisIy bran.-lied. spread- 

 ing plant. I"- II ill. lii-li. Mni-li ijncii and armed with 

 manyriijnl. n-.n xpuM-: puni, I -r, in. l.ing and 2-2)4 

 in. thi.-k. i..:irl\ r\ IhmIm-mI ; .in .il.T \\ nil whitish wool 

 and yelli.w i-h n il Ini-il,^; ,|.iii, , I. '.-J.i. exterior 6-12, 

 K in. or ii,.ss long; uitLiuii- ID-l.j, w:ry strong and 

 rigid, 1-2 in. long, more or less flattened : fls. yellow, 

 i;-^-2 in. wide: fr. broadly obovate, dry, armed with 

 numerous reddish spines and bristles. Lower Calif. 



45. Dftvisii, Engelm. and Bigel. A procumbent, spread- 

 ing shrub, with firm, woody skeleton, l-i; ft. high : 

 joints 4-7 in. long and 'A-'i in. thick : areolae with 

 short, white wool and numerous straw-colored bristles; 

 spines usually 8-13, exterior !4 in. or less long; interior 

 4-7, triangular, brownish, with lighter tips, %-\}4 in. 

 long, very loose-sheathed : fls. greenish yellow, 2-2 ! + 

 in. wide: fr. clavate, 1 in. or more long, often sterile, 

 spiny. Tex. to Calif. 



40. aoantlloc4rpa, Engelm. and Bigel. An arborescent, 

 erect plant, 4-8 ft. high, with dense reticulatc-tiilnilar 

 skeleton and ascending, spreading branches : joints 

 usually 4-10 in. long, sometimes 20, and S-l in. in 

 diam.: areolae with short, white wool and scanty bright 

 yellow bristles; spines very variable in length and 

 numbers on different plants, usually 8-25, \% in. or less 

 long, with loose straw-colored or brownish sheaths: 

 fls. greenish yellow, with rcldisli contoi-s, conspiciions 

 for stamens with stout r..il lilann-nts, I' 1-1'.. in. wide: 

 fr. SUbglobose to |)\ rirnnn. 1 in. in liiani. ;inil usually 

 armed with many Imt--. siiir ^j.in.,^. An/,, and Calif.— 

 A factory has been osialdishi-d at 'rcni|ir, Ariz., where 

 the wood of this species is mai 

 picture frames, etc. 



47. echinoc&rpa, Engelm. and Bigel. A low, spreading 

 shrub, with reticulate woody skeleton, rarely exceeding 

 Vfi ft. in height: joints lK-3 in. long, rarely 4-6 in., 

 54 in. thick, somewhat clavate: areolae with short white 

 wool and a few coarse, straw-colored bristles: spines 

 very variable in leufith and numliir, cxti-rior 8-16. \\i 

 in. or less loin;; iiit,-nor iisnallv ( furmin- a in.--, I-li^ 

 in. long, Willi 1 wliiii- nr si, , , ,., i , :itlis: 



ii. larly snnimer, while most spc- 

 do not mature them until fall or 



oliu. A slender, branched, upright 

 sually with several long, straight 

 ic base: joints 4-24 in. long and 



merous railirr short s|.iin-s. (>. Calit. 



49. serpentina, Eiiijclni. A prostrate, rarely a.scending, 

 sparingly liraiiidicd si ' 

 height: joints imn.li ,1, 



thick: aril. I, i. .. nli In.ri, whit., wa.ol and wlniisii liris- 

 tles: sjd ■ . In -lii.rr. iiMialh , -o, ^i nii.. limes 



15 or lliiin , . ..i i-n.|y. '„ in. m- h'.s l,.n-- fls. 



greenish \ . ii.i'a , 1 r ,. m, w nlr : tr. lM.iiiis]ih,.ni-;d, ',.-% 

 in. in diam.. armed with luiiiierous sliort spines and 

 long woolly hairs. 8. Calif., Lower Calif. 



.50. prolifera, Engelm. An arborescent, thick-stemmed 

 plant, .3-8 ft. high, with iiiiiii.roiis horizontal, sj.n.ud- 



times 3 in. 

 wide: fr. < 

 wide, arme 

 western U. 



quently -i- 



.51. fiilgii 



cent plant. 



