OKANGE 



down. Late and early cultivation of an Orange grove 

 is usually discouraged as having a tendency to induce a 

 too luxuriant, sappy growtli, which may be injured Ijy 

 subsequent frosts. The cultivation is usually per- 

 formed with light plows or suitable cultivators. 



In three years after a grove is planted the trees 

 should begin to bear, increasing its products every year 



ORANGE 



1159 



1561. Satsuma Orange (X J'a). 



thereafter and becoming e.\ceedingly profitable at 3 to ti 

 years. It has been found best here to head the Orange 

 tree low, and prune it only for shape and comfort. Ex- 

 cessive pruning is never followed. 



When ripe, the Oranges are gathered by hand from 

 ladders, assorted and packed in boxes or barrels and 

 shipped to New Orleans. Before the late excessive 

 cold the crop of the state was estimated at 500,000 

 boxes. It was quite small last year, as the result of this 

 freeze. 



A fertilizer containing 50 pounds nitrogen, 50 pounds 

 potash, and 25 pounds phosphoric acid per acre is the 

 one usually recommended in this state. It is usually 

 applied in March or April. The following varieties have 

 been grown in this state, which, for convenience, arc 

 here di\ ltd into three classes first i.arl\ ripening, 

 second medium third late 



Of the first class tht re are numerous creolc 

 Beach N 1 1 B nt !• irlj Bra/il 

 lai ( I Ol ] I g Foster 



Ho I arson Brown 



It an n\ 1 t ker t 



ti . ti s, , , |^ 



1(1 1 - 



Granges in California (Fig. 1562). — In 1769 the 

 Franciscans moved northward into what is now known 

 as California. In connection with the Missions which 

 they established they planted gardens and orchards, 

 and the first Orange trees planted were from seeds, 

 cuttings, or plants introduced by these worthy and 

 thrifty padres. 



■riic ■Mivsi.Mis were scattered over a wide range of 

 0'Minii\, ;i~ 1:11 up as Sonoma, some fifty miles north 

 ol S:in run. i,r,,. The planting and care of orchards of 

 l.oth .itiMiis ami deciduous fruits was encouraged, but 

 aflir till- secularization of the Missions, in 18.S4, interest 

 wiiiicd and they were neglected, so that in 1846 Fremont 

 wrote of them that "little remiiins of the orchards that 

 were kept in high cultivation at the Missions. * • • 

 Fertile valleys are overgrown with wild mustard: vine- 

 yards and olive orchards are decayed and neglected." 



At the Mission San Gabriel, in what is now Los Ange- 

 les county, were the most extensive orchai-ds; and it 

 was 86 years afterwards that the seed of an Acapulco 

 Orange was planted at Sacramento, and four years later 

 transplanted to Bidwell's Bar in Butte county, in the 

 northern part of the state, and more than five hundred 

 miles from the lo.iilirv selected by the Mission Fathers 

 for their lii-i |.',. i.i iir-. 



Whilc'lli ' 'ilifomia, from San Diego in the 



south to >! ' M ' north, is more or less suited to 



the Onm: ,1 ;,io localitiPK psprcially well 



adapted to r ,o iii,.,-.- :in- ^omo ro'.-ion- in the 



The southern portion of the state was first selected as 

 lost promising, but since about 1890 every year has 





till : 



Orange groves wii. i' o ;, f, 

 quentupon theenoi hio,,- |o ,. . - oi.i,. 

 As a natural outcomo iliou:,ni.a.^ of 

 set out, unsuitable varieties in unsii 

 .seedlings which were of little valu 

 could not grow stock fast enough, 

 often bought a year in advance. In :\ 



1 of the Or 

 iny commercial im- 

 e years afterwards, 

 erish haste, conse- 

 lert for the product. 

 iilffrior fries were 

 lal.lo |."-:ilitn-', and 



•^^JJt^ 



-41 



of the dulcis t^pe I 



dultis t^i e 



The Kumquat is grown both in the round and the ob- 

 long. A dozen or more varieties of the pomelo are al.so 

 grown,while a few varieties of the sour Orange and shad- 



ick arc occasionally 



W. C. Stubbs. 



1562 A Cal forn a Orance grove 



Orange culture became better understood, until In 1899 

 the returns made by the county assessors showed an acre- 

 age in Orange trees alone, not including lemons, of 35,000, 

 or 3,500,000 trees, nearly half of which were in bearing. 



