

ing t.. 



tected 



ORCHID 



in such cases is to apply fire heat and ventila- 

 tion. A close, stagnant atmosphere is always to be 

 avoided. 



As a .safeguard against excessive changes in humidity 

 a hygrometer should be kept in each department to as- 

 certain and regulate the degrees o£ moisture, especially 

 during fall and winter. When overabundant, moisture 

 can be reduced by applying Are heat and ventilation, 

 and if insufficient by wetting down the paths and 

 shelves, or pits, and reducing the ventilation. Well 

 regulated departments should be kept as near as pos- 

 sible to 70" or 75° through the day or 80° to 85° with 

 free ventilation, and about 80° at night. Just afrer 

 damping and watering it will often rise to 85°, but thi.s 

 is of no consequence, as it soon recedes. Orchids at 

 rest, such as Calanthes and Dcndrobiums, should be 

 held at 05° to 75°, In no case, where it can be avoided, 

 should it go below 00° nor rise above 90° for any length 

 of time, as serious results are very liable to follow. 



Ventilation.— The ventilators -.li-uM .m. ni tlic en- 

 tire length on both sides of tin- r; :i implied 

 ■with the best modern lifting ;M' l ;< nding 

 them continuously along the ro"! m .^ - - icm ■ i;iising 

 them but a small lu-i-lit to atlor.l piuper ciiculation 

 to the ].l;iiifs riii.l r-riss of overheated air, without los- 



li 1 ,11111'. Having them on both sides 



Mhliii- iluect drafts, by using the side pro- 

 , the ilirect wind. 

 One essential point to be considered is this: When 

 should ventilation be applied so as to be of the most 

 possible benefit to the plants? Air must be given at all 

 times, when possible, to keep the atmosphere active, as 

 well as to lower temperature, al.so to reduce the density 

 of moisture wle-n excessive inclose, inclement weather 

 and duriiiu' liie iiiuht. In bright weather Tentilate 

 enough to all"w egress of the heated air. 



It is customary with some cultivators to elnc;e down 

 ventilators in wet w^eather and dui'iii:; tin- nJL'lit t" lnlp 

 retain heat, etc. This is a serious nn-iak.-. ii iiia\ vhcw 

 no visible injury in bright weather. wIhii the dinsity .-I' 

 moisture in the atmosphere is at a luiiiiinuui, hut thN 

 bad practice surely accounts for the decaying of many 

 young growths, which are lo.st during wet, close and 

 cloudy nights. 



Propagation.— Many species of Orchids can be propa- 

 gated by division and from cuttings. This Is usually 

 resorted to when it is desired to Increase the stock of 

 rare and unique species and varieties. With the more 

 common species, however, It is cheaper and better to 

 buy freshly Imported stock, as it often takes two, three 

 or more years to bring the young plants up to the How- 

 Tile pseudobulbous species, such as Cattleyas, Odon- 

 toglossums, Ccelogynes, etc., are propagated by cutting 

 part way through the rhizomo three or more pseudo- 

 bulbs behind the lead with a sharp knife. This will 

 usually retard the sap and force the dormant eye behind 

 the cut to grow. The back jiortion may then be removed 

 and potted or lia-kii.,! -. inn aiily, or left on the plant 

 to mature the im i md be removed when it 



With the derhlii.n- i uaiiiin s.'the old bulbs should 

 be removed when poUini; iliem in spring and put, sev- 

 eral together, in pans or Ihits and partly covered with 

 sphagnum or potting compost until they start to grow, 

 when they should ho potted In the regular way. Thu- 

 nias are easily propagated after the young growths are 

 well advanced, by cutting the last year's stems Into 

 pieces 4 or 5 inches long and Inserting the ends in 

 chopped sphagnum and sand, placing them in the propa- 

 gating house until they grow, when they may have their 

 normal heat. Dcndrobiums are managed in much the 

 same way, or the old canes can be laid on wet sphag- 

 num, when many will produce new growths from the 



ORCHID 



1169 



side eye 



Va. 



creased by reinnvint; TVie niiii. r y.-.r^i.-.n vritli a -l^arp 

 knife, leaving a liw rii,,; :■ ' ' ■•••■,: ',, 

 each top. The nld lia^- .■: i . , 



growths freely, iirirn piii; ,;_ ...i,,; i,. ■, 

 from each. Cy'pripediuins .IihiIlI In iL'.alril Int/.^ni 

 the older growths, leaving at least one old growth witli 

 each lead, and potted separately, allowing them a little 

 extra moisture until they start to grow. Masdevallias 



and allied genera can be separated in the same manner, 

 leaving several leaves and one or more new growths «r 

 leads to each piece. All species should be propagated 

 at the commencement of the growing season. 



Heproduction of Orchids from 5ec(7. — The reproduc- 

 tion of Orchids from seed thnm^di crossing and hybrid- 

 izing has been carried on fur ma nv \ i ai-, mi - -ful I s hy 



a limited number of hybriili- 1 ii. :' i ! : . i : ' md 



it is only within the past In ■ : i 1 1 !, i i' S 1 1- 



ceived much attention in Alii' 1 1 a. t'lii m m, i of 



time very many beautiful h\ In uls lia\ -■ --i-i mm uli.i . uI- 

 tivation, and to the late firm of I'lh li. r ,V Manila, of 

 Short Hills, N. J., much credit is due f'.r the line work 

 thev carried on in this line. Manyof .mr . Mal.lislnii.nts, 



work, in order that the results may be an improvement 

 over both parents, if possible. 



The seed-bearing parent should possess a good, vig- 

 orous constitution, of free-growing and flowering habit, 

 as the hybrids usually follow this parent in form of 

 growth, and the pollen parent in color of flo-wer. Fer- 

 tilization is effected by placing one or more of the pol- 

 linia or pollen masses on the stigma of the flower to he 

 fertilized, selecting ahvavs phiiils of relatively the same 



genus for the operatl'U. ( r - l" i vm ' n li i,' la u i.lely 



removed from eaili ■ .' ■ ; ' illy 

 prove fruitless, fur 1 . ii . min- 



iated by foreign ji"! . .'m! i 'i i ,; .: ■ ' ,' ■ — tul 

 cross be etli'et.'il. ile -. ' 'I - •,■, i II . n h. i- i .'-It" mat nn- er 



It takes al"'Ut a >.ar i- ri|..ii 'tlie s,.,.il ef must ( )r- 



best results are .. 

 on the surface of ] 

 the same genus as 



carefully for 



that infest the eo 

 should have a fai 

 post rn good eond 

 pots or baskets tli 



The writer has had 

 ' months from sow- 

 ledinm twenty-three 



/ taelf 



I < 



1S84. 1 t 



Newly germinated I" 



Beedling. trite' 



(.Phaius hyhridus.) germmated seed" 

 hng of Phatiis 

 li.ihri.lus : Pig. 158a a thrtt month 

 (•'n'r:pi,linm insiqne -i ai Sii / 



' I" be transfeired t i t 



"Id plant of Phai i II 



: iimnths-old hybrid I ill I 



/ .'.'m/ . ;; Pig. 1588 a CNpnpL liuin tl 



I'ig. IfjHD a two-vear old h\brid bitw 



LiElia (C. intermedia x L pufstant) 



The raising of Orchids from seed 



.11 1 (. ittk\ and 

 should be encour- 



