ORCHIS 



6BCHIS I Greek word, referring to the shape of 

 the tuberous roots of certain species). Onhiddcea. 

 Ori-his is the typical genus of the great family of Or- 

 chids. It contains about 70 species, all terrestrial and 

 natives of the northern hemisphere, chiefly in Europe 

 and Asia, with 2 species in North America. Plants per- 

 ennial by means of simple or palmate tubers : stem 

 simple, erect, terminating in a raceme or spike, with 

 few to many rather small fls., and bearing several h s., 

 with long sheaths; bracts often foliaceous: sepids ;>ll 

 similar, conuivent or spreading: petals often smalh f, 

 entire: labellum 3-lobed, middle lobe entire or parted, 

 base spurred : column very short or none : stigma 

 plane, not produced (Habenaria). 



Orchises are not showy, and they have no horticul- 

 tural standing, but lovers of our native Orchids are 

 always collecting them and tryiiii; to .-iiltivMte them, 

 usually with little success. F. \V. i;aivlay writes: 

 "The American species of Orchis .ii-.- w.icllaiHl i)lants, 

 requiring rich leaf soil, with ratlin- hiavv sha<le, and 

 that even condition of moi^lur.' rhaiarteristic of deep 

 woods. Where these ciidiiion- rainM.t hci supplied the 

 plants invariably provi- -Im.h In. <i, ' S.-c also di.scus- 

 sion on terrestrial orohiiU, pa,:. 1 hi.".. 



hirclna, Crantz {H i ma nl oij I liss it m Mrclmim, 

 Spreng.). Flower stems 1-2 ft. high, bearing a loose 

 raceme 4-8 in. long: fls. greenish white, exhaling a 

 disagreeable odor; middle lobe of the labellum long, 

 strap-like and twisted, lateral lobes much smaller: Ivs. 

 few near the bottom of the scape, oblong-lanceolate. 

 May, June. Europe and northern Africa. Adver- 

 tised by Dutch bulb-growers. 



spectibilis, Linn. Fig. 1590. A native species 

 with 2 largo obovate, shining Ivs. 4-8 in. long; 

 borne near the ground, and a stem 4-7 in. high, 

 bearing a raceme of .'i-G small pale purple and white 



OREGON 



1171 



bertiana, 

 sambucln 



purple, brown and white, in large spike: 

 ,s. yellow.— O. undulatifblla, lis. white- and 



Heinrich Hasselbeing 



ORCHIS, Re 



nah 



OREGON. HORTICULTURE IN. Fig. 1.591. Oregon, 

 La-atcd between 42^ and 40° 1.")' N. and IKJ" 4.5' and 124°30' 

 \V., with an area of 94,360 square miles, has, horticultur 

 ally speaking, four quite distinct districts,— the vallej s of 

 the Rogue, Umpqua, Willamette and Columbia rners, 

 together with th.ir Irilmtarics. Then- is clinjati. ilh 

 a very wide tlilT'M II. • i.^fv, i.n ;li. -i \:irii'i ^i . 

 In the Rogiii- i ■ : 

 inches. Thv im 

 :!9°, sprinir ' -i-- " 



on the higher parts of the valley proper, while on the 

 river bottoms sand and open sedimentary soils are the 

 more common. In the Wilhimctfi- valley the soils are 



generally licaw. tli"iii.-1i ilnn- m ■.■ii-iiiually sti-caks 



of light sail. U .if LI , .: ■ ■ llii -tn.aiiis. 



The soils .4 tin l ,i - i ...■,.. :,ll L'l-a.i.-s, 



from the h_'lit ,lniii;._ ^ i p- i, ,- i l-i-m i.. the 



.-old clavs of II- l..^^. I- 1m-i1i. 



though in some of ilir 111 \' ' I • !- i' I'l lor 



horticultural purpo.scs ini^.i n .1. 



The apple finds in Or. u :i m ■ . inil In. me, 



and while only a small pan i i !■ K.nil it 



is in no wise due to the .liiii'i' i 'i "il i 'iir I" si va- 

 rieties are Baldwin, Eso|.n- --iin /.nii. i l'. i;.ii li,'i\is, 

 Newtown Pippin, Red Chcik ri|i|iiii. ^ .n k I m p. rial, ami 

 Jonathan. The apple thriv. s 1.. -t in lli.. ln^li. i alti- 

 tudes and especially in H.h.iI lix.i- \alii \. an ..llslmot 

 of the Columbia river valley, and iii the li.i^'ue river 

 valley. Lately car lots have been shipped from the 

 hitherto little known sections of eastern Oregon. 



Pears grow to perfection in all parts of the state. 

 The Bartlett. White Doyenne, Winter Nells, Duehesse 



of. 



I.. ! . ■ ' .... .,11, ire for the .sea- 



, 11°, 51°, 65°, 54°. 



lis 35-50 inches, 



I. .Ill]" niiiii... 11 . ."..I , ...■;■, .-.:!°. In the Co- 



ev it raii-es from an average rainfall of 75 



lie lower part, to one of 15 inches in the up- 



nd the temperature as above ranges from a 



al average of 50°, varying from 39°-61° for 



lart, to one of 48° for the upper part, with 



1590. Orchis spectabilis (> 

 d'Augoulemc, Easter and Clairgeaii are the leading ' 



choicest fruits are shipped to th. '. valley 



towns, two hundred and fifty or i ' rail. 



The leading varieties are early ami I and 



Salway. In the upper Columbia ri;,ii.ii iliu i.r,iv, lords 

 and Salway are favorites. 



The cherry reaches perfection in Oregon's mild, 

 moist climate, and especially the sweet cherries. Such 

 varieties as the Napoleon, locally known as Royal Ann; 

 [iewelling, locallv known as Black Republican, and 

 several local seedlings, as the Lambert, Hoskins, Occi- 



