ORTHROSANTHUS 



superposed; style-branches alternating with the an- 

 thers: seeds ramute, very near Sisyrinchiuiu. which is 

 a more variable genus, and has longer pedicels. See 

 Baker's Handbook of the Irideaj (1892). 



There seems to be no recorded American experience 

 with O. muUiflorus. Krelage lists it among bulbs suit- 

 able for frame culture. Nicholson says it thrives and 

 does best when planted in the border of a cold conser- 

 vatory, and adds "if, however, it is necessary to grow 

 fhera in pots, use turfy loam and leaf -mold, and insure 

 .■■ufflcient drainage." 



mnltifldrus, Sweet (LibMia asiirea, Hort.). Lvs. a 

 dozen or more, \-VA ft. long, % to % ot an inch wide: 

 panicle 4-0 in. long: capsule obtuse. Southern and 

 western Australia. L.B.C. lo:li74. B.R. 13:1090 (as 

 tshijrinchium cyaneum). W. M. 



ORtZA (derived from the Arabic name, Eruz). 

 driiminia'. Six species of the tropics, including O. 

 saliva, Linn., the well-known rice of commerce. This 

 is a native of the Old World tropics, and is naturalized 

 in Brazil; cultivated extensively in China and India 

 and more recently in the coast region of our southern 

 states. A marsh plant, with flowers in panicles; spike- 

 lets 1-fld.; empty glumes 2, small; fl.-glume and palet 

 about equal, laterally compressed, keeled, the former 

 usually more or lessawned. Contrary to the usual sup- 

 position, rice paper is not made from rice, but from 

 Paper Mulberry or Bamboo. a. S. Hitchcock. 



0EYZ6PSIS (Greek, rice-Ulte ; from a fancied re- 

 semblance to that grain). Graminew. Mountain Rice. 

 Contains about 2i species of temperate regions. Mostly 

 tufted perennials, with narrow panicles of rather large 

 greenish 1-fld. spikelets. Empty glumes thin, nerved, 

 n«!arly equal: fl.-glume coriaceous, becoming involute, 

 provided at base with a short callus, and at apex with a 

 simple untwisted deciduous awn. Three of our native 

 species are offered by dealers in wild plants. 



melanoc&rpa, Muhl. Distinguished by its leafy culm, 

 the lvs. being broad and flat : panicle simple or com- 

 pinind; fl.-glume blackish : awn about 1 in. long. Rocky 

 woods, N.-w Eug. to Mo. — Blooms late in summer. 



asperifdlia, Michx. This and the next have tufted, 

 imki-d I'ulras, with flat, concave or involute lvs.: culms 

 9-18 in. liigli, bearing sheaths with rudimentary blades: 

 lvs. njiii;h-cdged, evergreen: awn >^ in. long. Northern 

 states to C'dlorado. — Blooms early in spring. 



Canadensis, Torr. Culm C-l.'5 in.: lowest sheaths 

 l.-:iflir:iriTiu': lvs. involute, thread-shaped: awn very 

 short. ilfM-iiluous or wanting. Me. to Minn., on rocky 

 hills; r;iri-. A. S. HiTCHCOCK. 



OSAGE ORANGE. See Toxylon. 



OSIERS are willows used for baskets and willow-ware 

 I'l general. Some dogwoods are also called Osiers. 

 The various kinds are described under Salix and Cor- 

 II us. Osier culture is generally considered as belonging 

 to sylviculture rather than to horticulture, and is there- 

 fore not treated here, but the interested reader should 

 procure "Osier Culture," by John M. Simpson, a pam- 

 phlet of 27 pages, issued in 1898 as Bulletin 19 of the 

 Div. of Forestry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 



OSMANTHCS [fragrant flower). OU&cecf. The cul- 



OSMORHIZA 



1177 



A. Lvs. smaU-toothed or entire. 

 Irigrans, Lour. Coiea fr&grans, Thunb.). Fig. 159.'>. 

 Small tree or shrub, usually cull, as a pot-plant: lvs. 

 oval to oblong and lanceolate, finely sharp-toothed 

 (said to be entire in the wild plant), thick, lighter col- 

 ored and veiny beneath: fls. small, white, the corolla 

 divided nearly to the base, in clusters in the upper ax- 

 ils, very fragrant: fr. not produced on the cult, plant, 

 but on the wild plant said to be ellipsoid and %xX in. 

 India, China, Japan. B.M. 1552. L.B.C. 18:1786. 



■raber 



Oleas, but Osniaiiiim- I- di-i ih-uMi.-l fr-ni '■<]■■■., Ii\- if ■ 

 imbricate n.tl,^ , , , ,,,::■, 



fascicled or in i ' , i ■ i . - 



generally oppo- 1 . , ■ 'n -. 1 1 .>. > , : r -n > - 



green trees or .slual.o. ui 7 or ,-, ai"_.n_, la n.-i. i n \ 

 Pacific islands, and one in Xorth America. O. fy":- • 

 is the only common species in cult., and this is Ji ^i 

 house plant in the North, being grown for its v. i > 

 grant Hs. It is of the easiest culture in an interTii. li ii 

 temperature. It is almost a continuous bloonii'r. al- 

 though ordinarily it should be rested in late winter or 

 summer in order to ripen the wood for fall and winter 

 bloom. Be careful not to overpot, and keep the plant 

 fri- from mealv bug. In the South and in California, 

 it ttirivcs wl„i, planted out in a place shade.l from thi' 



Americinus, Benth. & Hook. Devil-wood. Florida 

 Olea. Glabrous small tree or tall shrub, with whitish 

 bark: lvs. thick, evergreen, hiiitH'-otilont^, witli m short 



clous, dull \i liiir, ill |iiiiih ]. • I,,. I, ,1 I .1 . I , '••,11 the 



irsprin';;.''"N.'('M-.%i'.nilu - ,~ '.. , •.:-. Mm- ,il;i..t 

 is in cult, in choice coliecLioo, .ou.h, l.u; a i. ooi now 

 advertised. 



aa. Lvs. usually spiny -toothed and holly-like. 



Aqtdidliuin, Sieb. Small, evergreen tree, with elliptic 

 or oblong-ovate, stiff spiny-toothed, shining lvs.. ."^-4 in. 

 long : fls. white, in short axillary clusters appearing 

 in autumn, very fragrant, larger than in O. fnnirini.t. 

 .Tapan. G.C. II. 6:G89. Very variable. Var. ilicitdlius, 

 Hort. (Ot.n iJirifl.lia. Hassk.l.i-.- n --nn,,,!,, ! ,lr„s« 



.shrub, with snuilhr Iv^. Th.-r.- :ir.- • -, ' ■! '. ;,vi-d 



forms (as f». J ,/:(//"^(iiif . vars. .nd - - •■■■ "in). 



Var. myrtiiolius, Hort,. has c-omiin i !, , , ii:;icl, 



spineless lvs. 0.^ni(inlhift< Aquif"! ' " i" i~ )i;imi_\ with 

 some protection as far north as Baltimori' and Phila- 

 delphia. Variegated forms are sometimes grafted on 

 privet, but they lack in constitution. 



O. latifolia and O. liguatrifolia of the trade are probably 

 riMlljreas. O. buxifoUa, Hort.. is probably Olea Capensis, 

 Linn., a shrub from S. Africa. L. H. B. 



OSMORHlZA (Greek; refe: 



sweet. 



of 

 pound 

 L'y are 



. I I. Ill .|M , i. s require a loose, rich, rather moist loam. 

 II. ;i.|iU th:it they are usually to be found in shady 

 Ilia. .^. but where soil conditions are suitable they do 

 well in the sun. Wilfred Brotherton remarks that their 

 foliage turns a handsome purple in autumn. 



Generic characters: Calyx-teeth obsolete: fr. linear, 



