PANICULARIA 



branches long and spreiuling: spikwlets 4-7-fld., 2-3 

 lines lont;: tlowering glumes 1 line long. North America. 

 — Good for planting In wet places for the margins of 

 aquatic gardens, etc. 



nenrita, Kuntze {GUjciria KcrvtWrt, Trin.,aIso Hort.). 

 Nervku Manna-Uuass. Lowt-r anil m..re sh-nder (1-3 



PANSY 



1203 



prehistoric times. Grown somewhat extensively in 

 China and Japan, and southeast Kussia. Native coun- 

 try unknown, but probably East lu.li. -^. .M.u-r tully dis- 

 cussed in Farmer's Bulletin, No. Inl 1". s, i>. j.t. Ajj^ric. 

 What is usually grown in the Unit, ,1 >t;ii, , urnl. r the 

 name of Millet is Setaria Ittiln;, an. I its \ariL-ties. 



ground or shady places. 



PANICUM (old Latin name of Italian millet, Setaria 

 Ilalieii, .said to be derived from puiiiculum, a panicle; 

 alluding to the usual form of the inflorescence). 

 Gruminea'. An immense genus of grasses scattered 

 over the world, especially in the tropics. Several hun- 

 dred species have been described, while conservative 

 autlioritii-s place the number at about 300. Several of 

 our bad weeds belong to this genus, such as crab grass 

 (/*. .laiiiittinale), and barnyard grass {P. Criis-galH), 

 also several food plants, as Indian millet (P. miliaceum) , 

 Sonwa millet {P. frumentaceum), and Shama millet 

 (P. coloHum). Their importance as forage grasses is 

 very Insignificant when the number of species is taken 

 into consideration. This is largely from the fact that 

 the species, as a rule, are not gregarious, and to the 

 fact that they are not well represented in the meadows 

 and prairies of temperate and northern regions. An 

 important forage grass of the warmer regions is, how- 

 ever, guinea grass {P. tnaximtivi). Spikelets with one 

 terminal perfect flower, and below this a second flower 

 which may be staminate, neutral or reduced to a glume; 

 therefore 4 glumes, the 2 lower and often the third 

 being empty. The flowering glume is characterized by 

 being of a much firmer texture. 



virgitum, Linn. An upright grass with stiff culms, 

 2-IJ ft. high: spikelets in loose, compound panicles, 

 usually more or less purplish, sharp-pointed; first 

 glume half as long as spikelets, 5-7-nerved, second 

 and third glumes of about equal length, 5-7-nerved. A 

 hardy jierennial used for ornamental purposes. Native 

 of eastern U. S. K.H. 1890, p. 525; 189C, p. 572. M. 14, 

 p. 215; 29, p. 235; 37, p. 245. 



sulcatum, Aubl. A tall perennial, 4-G ft., native of 

 tropical .\merica: Ivs. large, I in. or more broad, some- 

 what hairy, conspicuously plicate: panicle narrow, 

 about \ ft. long, with many ascending branches, bearing 

 short-pedicellcd spikelets throughout their length, ami 

 also scattered bristles: spikelets pointed: lower i;liuiii- 

 one-half, second glume two-thirds the length of iliir.l 

 and fourth, all strongly nerved. 



plicitum. Lam. Called ''palm grass'' in the South, 

 whcii' it is cultivated for ornament. Native of East 

 Imlii-s. Kfsembles the preceding, but Ivs. broader and 

 niarlv smooth, and panicle larger and more bristly: 

 spikelets similar. R.H. 1862, p. 290; 1896, p. 572. Gn. 

 12, p. 517; 31, p. 487; 37, p. 245.-Woolson, of Passaic, 

 N. .1., .says it grows 4-6 ft. high in the hardy border 

 and makes a fine stately grass; useful for winter 

 bi.u.im-ts. A variegated form is figured in F.S. 17:1743 

 und.r tlie iianii- /'.///ks niveo-viltatis. 



Crus-gdlli, Linn. Baknyard Grass. The cultivated 

 form i- Ivii..«ii a, .lapan Barnyard millet. The ordinary 

 form 1 I -v. 1 in .iiltivated soil. The form inthetrade 

 is M ' ! ■ ' ' Another form or closely allied spe- 

 ci.^ ; ' "//I ) is used in India for its grain. 



I'aiii I . !• 1 numerous dense alternate spikes: 



spiki !• : i ! ;- I ..n two sides of a 3-sided axis: sec- 

 ond atnl Iliii'ii -tinin'S more or less awned. Annual. 



capill4re, Linn. Old Witch Grass. A common 

 native annua! ;,'rass and weed, recommended for culti- 

 vation on account of its ornamental purple panicle, 

 whii'h is ample and li>r.s,-. tin- -^iiikrli ts being borne on 

 slender hair-like pedi<'.N. IMI. Is'.m. ,,. .525; 189G,p.572. 



mill4oenm, Linn. Ti;rr. .Mii.i.hi. I', koomcorn Millet. 

 Spikelets all pedicellate in an uuiI.lI like, drooping pan- 

 icle, each with 3 empty glumes and 1 flower. — A tall an- 

 nual grass (3-4 ft.) with soft Ivs., grown for fodder, but 

 not in common use in this country. Cultivated from 



ttehng In 

 t the french 

 ptiiit ij nil _ 1 I I I II 11 line, heart s 



ease, IS iN i i i 1 il ii t nuli u ] late which the 

 plant has oci upii d it si^rnihi s lemembrance. The 

 Pansy is one ot the oldest of garden flowers Parkinson 

 mentions it as a flower garden subject in 1629 When 

 critical stud\ began to be given to the kinds of plants, 

 the Pansy was so dis 

 tmct from wild species 

 that its specific iden 

 tity could not be deter 

 mined with precision, 

 and, in fact, this is the 

 case to the present 

 daj It is generalh 

 consideied, howevei 

 that It has descended 

 from I'lolatrtcolo} {see 

 ywla), a small peren 

 nial violet native to the 

 cooler parts of Europe 

 In its neaily normal oi 

 unimpioved forms 

 t-'iola fiicoloi IS now 

 grown in gaidens Pig 

 1634 It IS a most in 

 teresting plant, be 

 cause h mdsome flow 

 ered and van ible The 

 flowers of this violet 

 usually have three 

 colors or shades, mostly blue, whitish and yellow, but in 

 the different varieties one of the colors strongly pre- 

 dominates. A form with very small and inconspicuous 

 flowers (var. arvettsis) has run wild in many parts of 

 the country. 



Pansies arc perennial, but they are grown practically 

 as w-iiiTi r , r ii-ii;; uniiuals. Commercial growers sow 

 tli'srrfi ■ ; !■ -,■ ,i| great quantities of the seedling 

 I'limi- 1" Is in. These plants are bloomed 



in liahii ],,_,.. iihuuses, or they are planted in 

 the upLii 1 1 -iiu.„' ijluom. Plants are also started in- 

 doors in late wiuttr for spring bloom. Pansies delight 

 in cool, moist weather; hence the American summer is 

 not to their liking, and they usually perish. A new 

 stock of plants is started every year. 



The modem improved Pansies run in strains or fami- 

 lies rather than in definite varieties. These strains are 

 maintained at a high grade by the best cultivation and 

 the closest attention to seUction. The seed of the best 



strains i^ IH >■,--,-, ri'i .•..;- n^i, , . f'.r il 1-. |.r. -I 111, much 



human ■■: '■■ T'' ■ , ' , , " ,: '■kly in 



other li:i! •. I ■ ■ ' ' I ■ ■.. ■ I', si'-ed- 



taincd. ■!■..■'. ■!...., ■ ■ , ,|iiiir rxtra 



care in i! . ■• , M . • i I . i . ■ -'i;,in^ arc of 



1634 Viola tricolor 



bred Pan ;, .-,.■ .nn. ,,, n ,,,,,, ,,,• ,„|„,ing, 



arrangement of colors, 'i'ln . H .oNired 



(of only one color) or I'ai: Ii .,,|ored 



flowers are of three gem In n^i^Kand 



3 central petals of diftercin .,,:-,,: p.iii ;, I in.ix'ined 

 with lighter color; petals all strijied. 1 lien- are ail grades 

 of intermediate differences. The colors which are now 

 found in Pansies are pure white, purple-black, pure yel- 

 low, different shades of blue, purple, violet, red-purple. 

 Pansy flowers are now grown 3 in. across. Fig. 16.35. 



With the above account may he compared Gerard's 

 description of Pansies in l.')87. He pictuns the Hearts- 

 ease or Viola tricolor with small violet-like flowers, the 



