PAKSN'IP 



for any other ganleu crop. The seed should be strictly 

 fresh, as it soon loses its vitality. Sow it in early spring, 

 preferably with a garden seed-drill, K-1 in. deep, in 

 rows 15-20 in. apart in the garden, and somewhat far- 

 ther in field culture. Be prompt in thinning the young 

 seedlings to '.i-i in. apart in the row; at the same time 

 pull up or cut out all weeds. The free use of the 

 hand whcL-l-hoe will keep the patidi clean until the en- 

 tire .surface of the ground is covered with foliage, thus 

 preventing further growth of weeds. Cultivation may 

 then cease. 



The varieties are few in number. For shallow, stony 

 or otherwise unfavorable soils we have the Bound or 

 Early Short Round; for better soils the Half-Long, 

 Student, or Hollow Crown; and for deep, clean soils the 

 Long Smooth. 



Seed is easily grown. Plant the roots in spring in any 

 good soil, and gather the seed heads when most of the 

 seeds in them are mature. Dry them on sheets, and 

 then thrash or strip. 



For botanical account of Parsnip, see Pastlnaca. 

 T. Greiner. 



PAKTHfiNITJM integriJdlinm, the American Fever- 

 few or Prairie Dock, has been offered by one dealer 

 in hardy herbaceous perennials, but the plant is de- 

 sirable only for foliage effects ; and the fls. are not 

 showy. It is pictured in B.B. 3:411 and described in 

 American manuals. The genus has little horticultural 

 value. 



FASCALIA glatlca is a composite from Chile which 

 is probably not iu cult. The plant cult, under this name 

 in England, and <ince offered by John Saul, is probably 

 the plant shown in P.M. 8:125, which is believed to 

 be a Helianthus. It is not hardy and there seems to be 

 little reason for cultivating it here, because we have so 

 many hardy sunflowers. 



PASaUE FLOWER. Anemone Pulsatilla. 



PASSIFL6RA (i.e., Passion flower). PassiflonUew. 

 Passion-flower. A large tropical genus of highly 

 interesting herbs, shrubs, or trees, but most of them 

 climbing by means of tendrils. The peculiar charm of 

 these plants lies in the odd flowers, the parts of which 

 wiTc faTiciid by the early Spanish and Italian travelers 

 to reiir. ~riit tin- implements of the crucifixion (whence 

 b..tli ilir t.rliiDiMl and popular names). The flower is 

 usiiullv -.ulit. ii.l, ,1 by 2 or 3 calyx-like bracts. The calyx 

 has .-. lutul like lubes. The corolla is of 5 petals. The 

 ten colored parts of the floral envelope were thought 

 to represent the 10 apostles present at the crucifixion, 

 Peter and Judas being absent. Inside the corolla is a 

 showy crown or corona of colored filaments or fringes, 

 taken to represent the crown of thorns, or by some 

 thought to be emblematic of the halo. The stamens are 

 .'>. to some suggestive of the five wounds, by others 

 thought to be emblematic ..f the hammers whiVh wc re 

 used to drive the tlni r ii;,;i^, iIm l.iii. r 1.. ii _■ i. pn - 

 sented by theSstyi.- • , I', ' i _ 



axillary coiling temh i i " 



scourges. Thedigna:' ,__, -;,.; ;;,, i ,-i 



the persecutors. FIl-. I'l' i- ■''.. cia n pn ,-., lUaiiMn .,!' 

 the Passion-flower. (Mn-nli 7/. ,,.,,„,. 



The following sketih i.r' tl 

 from Folkard's-'PlaTit I,.!,-, . 

 the illustration (Vv.:. li.l'i- 

 that book: "The Pa-< i - ' 

 a wild flower of thr ^ 

 said that the Spaiiiai i 

 bloom of this plant, a- 

 branchesof the fn,, - 

 blossom as a liikeo th ' i 



l)lems of 'lhi-'m'.s«i.,i, 



PASSU- LOR \ 



Justinian friar, 

 in by birth. He 

 , the drawing of 



1 from Ziihn. 



flower in Bosio's work shows the crown of thorns twisted 

 and plaited, the three nails, and the column of the flag- 

 ellation just as they appear on ecclesiastical banners, 

 etc. ' The upper petals,' writes Bosio in his description, 

 ' are tawny in Peru, but in New Spain they are white, 

 tinged with rose. The filaments above resemble a 

 blood-coloured fringe, as though suggesting the scourge 

 with which our blessed Lord was tormented. The col- 

 umn rises in the middle. The nails are above it; the 

 crown of thorns encircles the column; and close in the 

 center of the flower from which the column rises is a 

 portion of a yellow colour, about the size of a reale, in 

 which are five spots or stains of the hue of blood, evi- 



