PEAK 



124.1 



frt-i-ziug ••111(1 tluiwiii? in wiiitir. ii northerly or uortli- 

 eastcrly sl.i|M- i^ t" I"- incf. i riil : which, however, 

 should bi- s.. -rH.liial :i^ ii.it t.. -..ii..usly interfere with 

 the convi-iii. nn- c,t cnli iv;iii.iii. As we approach the 

 northern limit o£ pr;u-ti.:il.h' I'.-nr culture, however, 

 a modification of this rule of selection may be found 

 desirable, since, with the shorter growing season, a 

 warmer exposure may jirove necessary as a means of 

 hastening maturity. 



4. /S'oi7s.— While the Pear tree will yield more or less 

 satisfactory results in a variety of soils, it is found to 

 succeed most perfectly in a strong loam, of moderate 



niit such peculiarity to its offspring. Seeds resulting 

 from known or artificial cross-fertilization, and there- 

 fore of known and selected parentage on both sides, 

 offer increased probability of valuable results. Seeds 

 intended for the origination of new varieties should be 

 planted very thinly in strong, rich, deeply prepared 

 soil, in a single row, au<l covered with not more than an 

 inch of earth, so that the young plants shall have ample 

 space for development. 



Seeds intended for the growing of stocks for nur- 

 sery purposes should be collected from varieties in 

 which the seeds are plump and well developed, as well 

 as from healthy, vigorous trees. American nurserymen 



1686. Orchard of standard Pears as i 



the northeastern i 



■ quil 



found 



sandy soils, but for general planting such 

 be avoided. 



."). MiDtures.- The liability of the Pear 

 clinnite, to the attacks of blight is tlmu;,'! 

 (■reased by excessive growth. !t is.ih.i.i.M 

 that the annual growth be CI. iiipliii i! :. : i 

 early a date as practicable; aicl iIm h 

 liability to blight apparently, \i~i- n 

 in actual progress. Stable am I .ili r mi. 

 nures should, for this reasim. )'<■ ni'i'li.'l 

 ({uantities, in autumn, afti-i ili. ImIhIih i 

 iiewed growth shall be past, ['.iimlj, hm. 

 phorus, which enter more or b-~s lin-' I n 

 position of both tree and fruit, an. I 

 ist in excess in the soil, may be pr .i 

 spring. Salt may :i: 



into the soil by dew and rain. It is 1. 

 little, if any, manurial value; but to : 

 servator of moisture, and prol>ably ai 

 insects. Cuarse iiinlcb niav be pl'nci . 



nation. — {a) By seedlings: Seeds, when to 

 for the origination of new varieties, should 

 I from well-grown and fully matured fruits, 

 rirtics as possess in a high degree the quali- 

 t t" bi- r.i.n"lii.-iMl or improved, since a va- 

 hi.li a .Imr.i.i.ristic i* Strongly developed 



European stti.K 

 This attack nt 

 avoided by I'l: 

 cultivated gr.H 

 tap-root durini 

 roots. For thi 



.. I .. ,. ■ i , _ . mildew, 



; '. II III liiiitially or wholly 



M III 1. ni.pte from other 



mil' iiilliiiL's lurni a very long 



irst year, with few, if any, side- 



they are taken up preferablj* i" 



1 the tap-roots shortened to G or 8 inches, 

 when they may be replanted in nursery rows, and 

 earthed up, or otherwise protected from heaving, or 

 other injury during winter; or, preferably, they may 

 be heeled-in, in a frost-proof cellar, and planted in 

 spring, to be budded during the ensuing summer or 

 left to become more fully established for building a 

 year later. 



Seedlings intended for fruiting are usually trans 

 planted in rows, about 8 feet apart each way, with the 

 expectation that many will be found worthless, and 

 either removed or destroyed. Seedling Pears usually 

 require to be fruited several years before their charac- 

 teristics become fully developed. This generally recog- 

 nized fact may be taken as a warning that the occa- 

 sional effort to Iinst. 11 tin pnli. rty of a seedling by 

 fruiting a ci'ni i'r^'m it uiimi, :, i,. itinir tree of different 

 varietycann.it •" u i li.l i h. ii. 'In- ultimate char- 

 acter of the liun "I iLi Ml im ijiii lit variety, since it 

 is impossible t.j t'i>ri~i. i. lii wlmt ixii.iit such transfer 

 may interfere with the ociult formative processes 

 through which its ultimate qualities wotild have been 

 developed. 



ih) By buddiniir : Seedlings of one or two years' 

 growth, inteiiilii i.i i im! inl trees, are usuallyplanted 

 from G to In in ,i; u: I itie nursery row; for the 

 reason that sjii ultivation, must be econo- 

 mized to corr. -I'iiiiii >. I i iiiiis, although it is impos- 

 sible to grow trees .it ^ I liiiii iiiiii jiroperly branched 



of the size and age (bimniiiiil bv iimst planters when 

 thus closely planted. Tr- • - ilni- .lii-iiy planted should 

 be removed, or at least ilKnmil. ulii r having made one 



