1246 PEAR 



year's growth from the bud; while trees iutcncltil t. 

 ftrown two or more years in the nursery row, ami \i 

 erly branched, should be given twice or even tl 

 times the space mentioned. 



The budding of Pear stocks may be done during . 

 and August if they continue in a growins conditinn 

 they are liable to be attacked by itnl } \ f tl 

 age, for which reason thcv must 1 ' ' i 



1687 Seckel the standard of quality (XJ2) 



and "should the maladj piove troublesome the buddmg 

 must be done as soon as pioperl) matured buds can be 

 obtained buch stocks as, for any cause, were left un 

 budded at budding time together with anj in which 

 buds shall have failed, may be grafted the following 

 spring; but this, as well as any and all grafting of the 

 Pear, must be done very early, before the earliest move- 

 ment of the sap in s]»i-in;^. In the spriii.i;, as soon as the 

 swelling of the l.nM- iM,Ii.:,i.- ili:,i :],, -. nti- .n-.- ^ilive, 

 the stocks are cm ! . ' . ' : ■ '.,,'' ■' 1 "Ken 

 to insure the fiinii:. ' 1 ,, ::i ., 1 . , t lical 



trees, careful nm .■ 1 ■ n !■ ■ : .n 1 ,1,.;,.. ..f the 

 stock above the in-' 1 1 1 1 1 Im ;.ihl. ;.i \. In* ]; 1 ip ;. l>l^llr 

 shoot maybe ti.-il, if ii ,li:ill l.nl i.ili.r-A i^r i.i t.ik.' ;ni 

 upright direction. Sliuui- nwiy ;il^<> !•'■ ttms Urd Ui |>rr 

 vent their beint; 1'1"» n "iji, ..i- i.ili.i'wNc injiiicl l,y tin' 



no longer needed for tlic purposes indicated. !>ucli 



sprouts as spring from the 1 



cutting back must be remo 



encourage the growth of tlie 



while they are yet t.n.l. r iind succulmt ami v.in. Iliere- 



fore, be taken off wirlnHii liir n^.- of a knif.-. Tli is process 



must be repeateil :isiIh\ i'i>,i|i|i.-ar, unlrss ii i^ rm.lered 



unnecessary by tli'- failiin- or loss of tlic buil, See 



Grnftage. 



7. Pn(Hi«f7, — Beyond that described under the head of 

 budding, little pruning is required during the first sea- 

 son, except to pinch in such side shoots as threaten to 

 rob the one intended to become the trunk of the future 

 tree. Early in the spring of the second year, all lateral 

 shoots must be wholly cut away, and since the Pear 

 tends strongly to renew its growth from the terminal 

 buds of the previous year, the shoot intended to become 



the trunk of the fninn- ti. .• must I ut down to tin 



point at which tin- U:\. is to .•., nun. ■n.-r.w lion thr l.ran.-ln's 

 to form the he;ul will stait fr-oin tho Im.N nrai-rst tin- 

 top. The uppermost slioot must. If midfuj, he conlim'il 



the trunk. 



The habits of growth of varieties differ so widely 

 that no inflexible rule can be laid down to determine 



k in consequence 1 

 from time to til 

 . This should be 



PEAR 



the height at which the top of a Pear tree should be 

 coiunienced, unless it be that the heads of the more 

 spreading varieties should be started higher than those 

 of a more upright habit. The preferenAs of the ma- 

 1orit> of purcliasers have begotten among nurserymen 

 the pri tl c of f imiii,' tin h. ids of all varidtics at a 

 III f rift M I I t t 1 ijen to the ohjcc- 

 ' ill the case of sm-li 



1 ' I lud hummer or 

 I I I uitid to such \ti) 



i| -i I r. 1 i 111 11 ^1 il Ur,, CKpp Fa\orit( 



mil Mil \iijou In this f uti ulii, lb m\arious others 

 the practice of nursei j men begotten by the preferences 

 of the a\eia},e of their customeis, fails to adapt itselt 

 to the needs of the moie intelligent and considerate 

 orehardist, md to those of even binallei planters, who 

 rt^,ird the he ilth and productiveness ot their trees as 

 of higher mipoitance than the possibly increased con 

 lenience of cultivation 



A proper system of prim un 1 1 i I ui n which lo 

 grow a jiernianint head sh 1 1 1 fiom tin 



^lowth ot the second season nn st satis 



til toiy pioMsioii for this 1 in I 1 1 I iceiifial 



1 hes 



of 



akiiu 



IS mainly from the terminal 

 1 thus forming a too open 01 

 I nib ncj IS best overcome b\ 

 - Ill sjuiiif, ihe ( flfeet being to 

 >u^h It th( .Nptiiseof MKor 

 Ills hi\t luiu dn eloped and 



ittle 



nig 



blanch although the le is i I 1 , h 



Summci DoMmie md \\ ini . 1 , 1 I, 



especiill> when growing M^oiL 11 1 m luu ii I m 1 uul 

 straggle so awkwaidh that the bi mehes must lie 

 quenth be tied in position to msuie the formation ot a 

 satisfaetoij head 



Prior to the third or fomth 5 ear, all pruning must 

 necessarily have for its ob.iect the direction and en- 

 couragement of wood growth, for which purpose it is 

 most effective when performed in late winter or early 

 spring, while the trees are yet dormant. 



The fact should not be forgotten that pruning, in pro- 

 portion to its extent or severity, may be a tax upon the 

 vigor and health of the tree, and, therefore, to be prac- 

 ticed as sparingly as possible. Such necessity may be 

 to a consideriililf extent avoided, if the orchardist, with 

 a woll-iiclim-d i.l.-al in mind of a tree such as he 

 ilosiics to ]iio<liirc. will, .luring the growing season, 

 pass fr.-.ju.iitly tliroiij.'li liis plantation and pinch out, 



tor his purpose, at tin- sam 

 the reserved ones as nia\ K 

 fellows. With the cdi.i. nt y 

 while the framework of tlm t 

 little pruning will remain t.. 

 spring, while nearly the ii 

 otherwise have been prune.l 

 been employed in developiiiL 



The Pear may be mi,-.ls 

 thorn, the mountain ash ai 

 have occasionally proved 

 time, but in such cases t 



r> hiation, it also tends, 

 li.' branches and the 

 11 the formation of 



t,'nifted upon the white 

 I apple, and such grafts ^ 



