cion is generally, if ni 

 uncongenial comljiiKiti 

 live<l. The quinc. i 

 which the Pear is <\s 

 this purpose aru hu _ 

 Angers quince is kmi- 

 These stociss aie usual 

 age of two years, to h 

 summer, in the same 

 inteniieil for dwarf trt- 



PEAR 



1247 



' hole in which a tree is to be planted be sunk 

 ■<oil so impervious as to retain water beneath 

 ^ roots. If such retentive subsoil occurs too 

 in face, and is not considered suitable to be 

 li the surface soil, it should be thoroughly 

 !■ d to the requisite depth by means of a 

 iiw or other equivalent device. In all nearly 

 utive soils, it will be found advantageous to 

 ■••\y" a land along the line of each row in 

 .>u of the surface drainage, so that when the 

 ■ been planted the drainage will be away from 



tug. 



Tb 



most 

 orchard, 

 lat cora- 

 in\, and 



tiiiue to produce fruit aflir i tiiiu^ frum tin- I'rar. tliii^ 



affording the early fruiting of the dwarf, as well as the 

 permanency of the standard. 



Not more than a specimen or two should be per- 

 mitted to grow upon a dwarf the first and second years 

 after planting. Such trees, if left to fruit freely, will 

 almost certainly be mined from overbearing before 

 they are fully established. Many varieties when grown 

 as dwarfs can never be safely allowed to mature more 

 than a small portion of the fruit which they will natur- 



Wliil.' -..v. lal varieties are found to be especially suc- 

 i-.-,^l'ul wlicii i,'r.i\vn upon the quince, most others prove 

 oiilv mi..i,raii [y v,,, rfiiuiriug careful and expert man- 

 agement ti. ;i .1' -all lartory results. A few others, 

 of which T" I" nil. d as a prominent case, are 



"TrBsfinatih n - :: upon the quince, and even 



when doulil. m .iki-i ii|m.ii a dwarf of a congenial 

 variety, tlieir sm-i-fs.s aiipears to be by no means as- 

 Dwarf trees trained as hereinbefore specified, tin- 

 commonly known as half-standards. Other and more 

 elaborate forms are known as pyramids, cordons, 

 etc., descriptions of which are not deemed necessary 

 here. 



8. Choice of 2Ve«s. — Aside from the selection of the 

 location for an i.rcliard, the first important particular 

 i^ 111,- -1. .1 1.. II ..1 111. 111.-, i.aviiii.' tlie choice of varie- 

 ii. I I , . . , i. ,:,ii,.ii. Trees of one year's 



-I.. I . 1. [1 fi.i-red for the follow- 



iii._- 1. I...1I - I I . ... . r 1. .1.1- 111 III l>e injured or lost in 

 the pro.M.-ss of lituiiK and replanting, for which reason 

 the tree may be expected the more promptly to recover 

 from the shock of removal. (2) The single season's 

 growth may be cut back and the top commenced to suit 

 the preferences of the plant-r. i ;: > Th" t"|i will present 



little or no obstacli- u> ili.- i.i i tli. nin.l until the 



roots shall have ^'ain. il -m. ' i. ili -ml that 



there will remain liitlr Imi ,. . iii.iit It-.. in 



L-M'.ii :■. .liiiiiiii-.li. .1. .■. i .;. i:,. I ■ . i.r..iii|.i I'r.-overy and 



III ' • ' . - ill till- more open 



..I'll... ....... . ;.. . .. I . . I iill\ ..i.iii|)cnsate for 



niws. (.)) .'somctliing will also In- saved in the cost of 

 tiie trees and in the expense of transportation, as well 

 as in the labor of planting. 



If older or high-branched trees are not objected to, it 

 will usually be found that they are but imperfectly 

 branched from having been trn.wn iti ..niwdi-rt rows. 



!l. Priparation of the *'«//.- Wh.n tli.. lat.^ Dr. John 

 A. Warder was asked how lai--. tin l...|..s should be 

 dug for planting orchard tn-i-s, 1h- i-rplird, "Of the 

 full size of the orchard;" and it may also be remarked 

 that when the ground for an orchard has been well 

 tilled and fertilized to a depth at least equal to that 

 at which trees are to be planted, there is no longer 

 occasion for holes larger than shall be necessary to re- 

 ceive the roots in their proper position. If the subsoil 

 he not freely pervious to water the ground must be 

 deeply and thoroughly underdrained, anil in no case 



-.laiiil. anil using what is kimwii as a ))laiitiiig board, 

 iiiiisi-iiim ,,f a strip of board 6 or 7 feet long, with a 

 hull. Ii.r a stake near each end, and a notch or slot in- 

 iiriiHiliatc and in line between them to receive the 

 stake, and to support the tree while the earth is being 

 caretulh hlled in under among and ibove its roots. 



Tlu- following are good general rules to be observed 

 in the digging, handling, preparing and planting of 

 trees : 



1st. In digging trees aim to secure as many of the 

 main fibrous roots as possible. 



2d. Expose the roots as little as possible to the dry- 

 ing intiuence of sun and wind. 



3d. Prepare the roots for planting by cutting away 

 the bruised and broken portions. 



4th. If the roots have been essentially shortened in 

 lifting, cut away the superfluous branches and also cut 

 back such as are to remain till a proper balance of root 

 and top is secured. 



.^th. In heavy, retentive soil, plant the tree very little 

 if any deeper than it stood in the nursery, and, in addi- 

 tion, raise a slight mound about the trunk to avoid the 

 occurrence of standing water at that point. 



6th. In strong but dry soil, a tree may be planted an 

 inch or two deeper than it stood in the nursery. 



7th. In light sand, with dry subsoil, a tree should be 

 planted .■) or even 4 inches deeper than it stood in the 

 nursery. 



