1248 



PEAR 



8tli. Dig tilt h le in win li n tiep is to 1 i i 1 luti 1 

 deep enough to i \ i 1 in 1 s t tii h il 1 ttLrt 



putting the tru 11 I 1 i I i t 1 enough t) 



allow the roots t I i 1 1 i itunil posi 



tion. 



9th. See that go 1 ti 1 1 it I is well failed 



in beneath, among and i \er the ri ots 



10th. Should the soil be dry with no immediate pros 

 pect of rain it will be well after nearly filling the hole 

 with earth, to apph a pail of w iter and after it shall 

 have settled awa\ to fill up the hole with eirth ind 



PE.4K 



tiiii t It hast \n\ niui\ \ incties that (viii if blown 

 til or^atheitd when but two thuds griwu the fiiiit if 

 I)ut a\\a\ a** alreadj described will usually acquire a 

 satisfactoiy qualitj Fruits thus gathered and ripened 

 are found to have less tendency to deca) rapidlj at the 



(c) Gathering and ripenin 

 These should remain upon tl 

 cable without danger from f i 

 should be placed in a cool f i 



t Pears: 



I they 

 I It will 



rttctly 

 1 ihty of 

 ihej are 



a fort- 

 iut5 



uld be 



^^ 



tramp it down firmly. Staking will rarely be found 

 necessary, except, possibly, in the case of trees old 

 enough to have been already branched, but such stake 

 must lie watched and the tree protected against injury 

 by nil.l.iiiK aK;iilist it. 



11. Sahs, i/dt lit Cultivation. — {a) Newly planted trees: 

 (Jround .)ciii|.ii-d by young trees must be kept well 

 cuUivatiMl ihiriiig the spring and early summer. If hoed 

 crops are planted larger quantities of manure will be 

 required, but in either case cultivation should cease as 

 early as the beginning of August in order to hasten the 

 ripening of the young wood. This process should be 

 continued during at least five or sis years, after which 

 green crops may be grown and plowed under as a 

 means, in part, of maintaining the fertility of the soil. 



(?)) Mulching: Especially during the first few years 

 after planting, in case of hot, dry weather during the 

 growing season, mulch may be applied to check evap- 

 oration from the soil and to keep it cool, but it should 

 not be permitted to take the place of cultivation. The 

 soil should be well pulverized before applying it. 



((■) Manuring: As stated under that head (5), manures 

 should be applied sparingly but regularly, preferably 

 in late autumn, and should be plowed under, or other- 

 wise mixed with the soil at that time or in the early 

 spring, as a means of promoting early growth and the 

 thorough ripening of the wood in advance of severe 

 cold. Thorough maturing of the wood should also be 

 assisted, as already said, by ceasing cultivation the 

 early part of August. 



12. Oatlmrinij mi'l liipiiiiiuj llie Fruit. — AM selected 

 Pears, whether inhihl, ,1 r..r tin- market or for use at 

 home, should be cai^ IHllv li^uni ].ic-ked. 



(a) Gathering sunnn.r ■.,ni\ autumn Pears: With very 

 few exceptions all Pears acquire a higher i|ii:ilit> if 

 gathered before thoy are fully ripe. The giin r:ill> ,m 

 cepted rule is to gather the crop when an (h-.:i-i"1mII\ 

 full grown, ^^•ormy specimen is ripe, or when ili.rr i~ :i 

 perceptiV.Ir- ,-1i:iti^ 

 mens, c,r ■ ! ■ i 'i 

 if the fin I 



W H'l- 



ered the Iriut li- 

 the purpose, and ? 

 able room they 

 drawers, where ii 

 color and flavor, 

 quite freely, it, ui 

 ties, should be pri 

 ticularly from dr 

 to shrivel and hi 



):irts readily from the 



t / — In America, 

 r maiket directly 

 g the process of 

 sed as packages, 

 1 th put up in half- 

 b urels ind som tin es m 1 ushel peek and even 

 °n 11 half peek baskets \mencan growers rarely 



ripen their fruit before mirketing it This, if 

 le ne at all is more genenlly accomplished by 

 the dealer, doubtless with decided profit, since in the 

 larger cities fully fifty dollars have been known to be 

 paid for a single barrel of selected fruit, and yet the 

 same fruit ripened and offered in quantities to suit cus- 

 tomers has been sold at two or three times the original 

 cost. The marketing of unripened Pears is obviously 

 unprofitable so far as the producer is concerned. 



In Europe, the choicest fruits are carefully selected 

 and house-ripened. When approaching their best con- 

 dition the fruits are separately wrapped in soft paper, 

 and are then put up in packages of perhaps one or two 

 dozens, and sent so as to appear upon the market when 

 in tlie best possible condition. Such fruits command 

 ]iri(*'-s .juitc ill .-xccss of what they would have realized 



liail 111. y I n ..lined in an immature condition. 



It. \',ii-nlif s. ~ Since the popular and desirable va- 

 rieti.s .if l',:i]-^ iii;.y lie found fully described in stand- 



deemed nc 

 of Pears < 

 many poss 

 acteristics 

 failed to a 



Since ' 



ch,inge of latitude, and offer 

 change of location, even in the 



difficulty. In the full. .win- li- 

 be approximately tlmi lutw.'. 

 forty-third parallels I.I ni.rlli h 



{a) Amateur Pears : II is .is ii 

 other species of fruits. Unit v.i 

 small size, unattractiv.- :i|i)..;ii': 

 texture when ripe as t.. .lisi|ii.il 

 ;.llli.iiigli they may possess, in 

 |.i .nli.n- i-haracteristics whi.li 

 nil. I to |i..rsons of cultivaterl I. 

 sii|.i.ly of the family. Sucli :ir 



The- following is a list of a 1. 

 these, arranged approximately 



with 



' latitude, the desig- 

 tter of more or less 

 I- season given will 

 ■ forty-second and 



! of most 

 ■s are of 

 delicate 



iiiiuket. 



S.nii.ii.T \h,^,„„.- . .-, ,Tuly 



( . 1 11 .1 . i . . m. Aug Excellent 



K..sii,..,i ..m. Aug. m. Sept. 

 .Miiniiing Eli/.ii.l.cth....e. Aug. 

 Brandywine e. Aug. b. Sept. 



niddle: 



, beginning. 



