PHELLODENDRON 



hiirdy as far north as Mass., but P.Japonicum is some- 

 wliat tender; the first has been recommended as a street 

 tree for western cities, as it resists drought and heat in 

 summer and seems to be not attaclied by insects. It is 

 of rapid growth when young and forms a rather low, 

 round head. It seems to grow in almost any kind of 

 soil except in a very moist one. Prop, by seeds, which 

 are produced freely when both sexes are planted and by 

 root cuttings, dug up in fall and stored during the 

 winter in moist sand or sphagnum. Two closely related 

 species in E. Asia and Japan. Fls. dioecious, in terminal 

 short panicles; sepals and petals J>-8, ovate-lanceolate; 

 stamens 5-0, longer than petals : ovary 5-^elled, with a 

 short, thick style: fr. a black drupe with 5 small one- 

 seeded stones. 



AmurSnse, Rupr. Chinese Cork Tree. Tree, to 50 ft., 

 wiih spreading branches forming a broad, round head; 

 bark of tlie trunk light gray, corky; almost glabrous: 

 Ifts. 7-17. ovate to ovate -lanceolate, narrowed or 

 rounded at the base, long-acuminate, minutely crenu- 

 late.dark green and somewhat shining above, glaucescent 

 and glabrous beneath or pubescent only on the midrib: 

 fr. globose, black, about % in. across, with a strong 

 turpentine-like odor when bruised. June. N. China, 

 Amurland, Japan. 



Japdnicum, Maxim. Closely allied to the preceding. 

 Lfts. ovate, rounded or truncate at base, acuminate dull 

 green above, pubescent beneath, with rather prominent 

 veins; leaf-stalk and inflorescence pubescent. June. 

 Japan. — Less hardy than the preceding and probably 

 only a variety of it; but sometimes thrives in New 

 England. Alfred Rehder. 



PHENOLOGY (contraction of phenomenology; that 

 Is, the science of phenomena): the study of the rela- 

 tionships between the climate of any place and the 

 annual periods of plants and animals. I'lants vege- 

 tate, bloom, and ripen fruit at inoii- i,r Ir^s definite 

 seasons, each after its kind; animal- mat.-, 1.. ar young, 

 migrate and hibernate eaoh aN.i all. r it- Kind; but 



Pher,..' 1 . ■ . . -:i.l, '.■ means of 



are tlic lllu u-. -.■nl-s o£ lUu ainnial.-. and plants of the 

 years. Thermnnietrieal readings are the customary 

 measures, but the thermometers record only tempera- 

 ture, whereas local climate is modified by conditions 

 of humidity, cloudiness, the sequence of atmospheric 

 changes, and many subtle agencies which cannot be 

 measured by means of instruments. Living things are 

 the agents that really measure climate. A record of 

 the life-events of living things, therefore, even though 

 imperfect, should contribute to the science of clima- 

 tology; and incidentally it should contribute much to 

 the science of biology. Records of plant-events are 

 more comparable than those of animal-events, because 

 plants are stationary and have no volition to adapt 

 themselves to inclemencies by means of change of po- 

 sition, diet, or otherwise; therefore, plants emphati- 

 cally express climatal influence. A record of the first 

 blooming of a given apple tree, fur example, during a 

 series of years would give comii.n ;iM< m. a-ui. - ..r ih ■ 

 lateness or earliness of the .li i i 



so-called phenological ob.servai i 1 



been mere 

 tion 



Is „f , 



Th. 



:neri I ' , ■ ;i .e to science. In 



;his I . 1;:. i-:i; ,,: !• . ; r,,. ;,..:.. _'v is very meager. 



See Da;;. .. K, a, 17, .-ai.i.al ,,1 the Unlike." and 



'Instrueiin.is f,,r taking Phonological Observation." 



'Weather Review," Sept., 1896, U. S. Weather Bureau. 



L. H. B. 



PHILADfiLPHTJS 'nari^ of an ancient Egyptian 



obvious reason). 



ith 



S(ur. : ' I .1 . Stringa. Ornamental 



deei.l ; J !■' -en shrubs with opposite 



entir a i.i A hi^e showy fls. in terminal ra- 



cenn-s or s,,lira?-y nji sln»rt liranchlets, appearing mostly 

 in .Ivine ami often very fragrant. Most of them are 

 hardy North except P. Coiilleri, Mexiranus and the 



PHILADELPHUS 1297 



other Mexican species; P. tomentosiis and Billardi are 

 only half-hardy. They are well adapted to shrubberies 

 and are mostly of medium height, the tallest being P. 

 pubescens, which grows to about 20 ft.; P. Gortloni- 

 anus and P. inodorus grow nearly as high, while 

 P. niiempliilliis hardly exceeds 3 ft. They thrive well 

 ill n!iii..-l an;, ua U-draincd snil and even under trees. 



■flow 



vious 

 r by 



petiolei 



latest account of this genus is a sliurt monograph by 

 E. Koehne in Gartenflora, Vol. 45 (ISaC), p. 450, etc., 

 where 33 species are distinguished, of which 20 are 



genus ..I' mi l-i: i ■ and li 



but this is ,,nl> .a.iitinaaiL' the i; 



herbalists who used to unite undi r ^■ 

 Philadelphus, Syringa and .ia-mim-. 

 Gerarde's "Herball," first iiuldisln d 

 tions and figures of Siin,.,/,! iill„i, 

 ccenilea, Blue Pipe, and ti. Aiabuti, 



aus is popularly 

 a very different 

 ttle resemblance; 



,^-- 



1748. Philadelphus 



Califomicus, 5. 

 Cand^labre. 10. 

 coronarius.6. 8. 

 dianthifloms, 8. 

 erectus, 10. 

 Falconeri, 7. 

 floribrtndvs, I, and 



snppl. list. 

 Gerbe de Neige, 10. 



Gordoniamis, 2. 

 grandiflorua, 1, 12. 

 hirsutus, 13. 

 inodonis. 12. 

 latifoltus, 1, 

 lasus, 11. 

 Lemoinei, 10. 

 Lewis! . 3. 

 microphylhis, 14. 

 Mont Blanc. 10. 

 multiflorus plenus. 



8. 

 nanns. 8. 



Pekinensis. 6. 

 primulunlorus. 

 pubescens, 1. 

 rosfeflonis. 8. 

 salicifolius. 8. 

 Satsumi, 4. 

 speciosissimus, 

 speciosus, 11. 

 spectabilia, 1. 

 trinennus, 13. 

 undulatus, U. 

 Yok-nkamw, 4. 

 Zeyheri, 9. 



