PINE 



1341 



species (about 40) aie indigenous to North Ar 

 the United Sta 



hardly neues 

 ir own country for plant material. 



rtance as well a^ 



to go out of 



points of excellence in all directions, orii;ii]i'iii:il :i^ will 

 as useful, rapidity and quantity of |.i.i.lnrti,.ii an.l 

 adaptability to climate and soil, the cliii-f iihicr brlun^-s 

 to our White Pine (F. Strobiis), and next iu importance 

 stands the Longleaf Pine (P. paliistris) of our southern 

 states. The Bed Pine (P. resiiwsa). the Shortleaf (P. 

 frhinata), the Loblolly (P. Twda), with the Cuban Pine 

 ( P. CHfieiisis), add their stores to the enormous quanti 

 tics furnished annually by the first and second. In our 

 western mountains the Bull Pine (P. pomlerosa), the 

 Sufiar Pine (P. Lambertiana), and the Silver Pine (P. 

 iiiiiiitirolii ) are our large timber Pines; and in Mexico P. 

 Aiftrnhuttc replaces our White Pine, and P. Arizonica 

 anil Miiiiti'ziDiKe are the important yellow Pines. In our 

 I'liilipjiim- possessions one species, Pimm insularis, 

 fni-ms impurt.uit nH>imt:iiM fun-sts. In Europe the Scotch 

 Pino (P. s7'' ■ i liiini \u ~ i1m hulk of supplies, 

 with P. L'n • . in countries. In 



.Japan and ihn i ' / ,ii and Thunbergi 



and in tin- linn ii . - /■ - n .1 loiigifolia are the 



Besides the timber, several of the species furnish from 

 their resinous contents naval stores, turpentine, tar and 

 pitch, the bulk of %vhich is now still derived from our 





«n [jongleaf Pine Pme wool ; 



t this and other sj .- . 



rom leaves and youi 



If seeds of the Nut 1 



i hilt the economic 



( o\ errated the on 



. m that of other „ i t hi 



1 made from tht leaves 



' 1 iN -xrt- distilled 



I 1 I ill>, and 



I 1 Havors 



n hardly 



1 1 t( lly less 



1 in the 

 . I I 111 It) three 



oui s \ u \\ hitL Pines \ cllow i uits ( so calltd from 

 i< color of the wood) and Nut Pines, denotes at the 

 line time differences of habit and form. 

 In no other group, perhaps, is it so necessary to keep in 

 ind that form and habit change through the different 

 •riods of life from the juvenile through the adolescent 

 i the virile and senile stages of development; while 

 ■mmetrical and pleasing in their youth and grand or 

 cturesque in their age, in their intermediate stages 

 le trees may be straggling and unsightly. Starting in 

 s youth with the pyramidal aspiring habit of all the 



conifers, the shaft dominating over the branch system 

 and the latter surrounding the former in regular whorls, 

 later on the symmetry is disturbed and finally the 

 towering old Pine may have its bole split up into many 

 stout branches and the crown may have broadened and 

 flattened or rounded off in the umbrella-like fashion 

 which the Stone Pine (P. Pinea) exhibits so strikingly 

 in the Italian landscape. This flattening of crown is 

 characteristic of most Yellow Pines, while the piiions or 

 Nut Pines have a tendency to the broom-like or apple 

 tree appearance. Of oiircastirii species, the White Pines 

 alone pi. .n. I., -,•!,,, , i, m (he conical habit of the 

 crown ii : iiiri-s with more or less 



.symm.-iii i! : i.liiig branches, which 



render li |m.,i-iii^ .,i,|,,i ilnMiighout all periods of 



life. Oii Uie I'.uiii,: i..,i„t .1 iM.mli.riif species preserve 

 the conical form. 



In the choice and conitiiiini hin -if I'l.int material we 

 should keep in mind thai ihr I'ln. s art- essentially 

 lij^ht-neediug species, heiuM- liu m-i l.iar oNcrtopping or 

 <T<i\v.linLr unless they have a chance by their rapid 

 L'liAMli ill liii^'ht to escape from the pressure of their 

 shad., iiiak ill L' neighbors; the White Pines, especially P. 

 Utrohiis with Its denser foliage, is more tolerant of shade 

 than others; the dwarf P. montana is also tolerably 

 shade-enduring. 



In each of the three groups there are rapid growers 

 (in height) and slow growers, although all are slow dur- 

 ing the first 2-7 years. 



Our common White Pine (P. Slrobus) and the Cuban 

 Pine (P. Ciibensis), with the European, Scotch and 

 Austrian Pines, are good examples of the first class, 

 making under favorable conditions annual shoots of 1-2 

 ft. for a number of years; while the Swiss Stone Pine 

 (P. Cembra) and other Pines of high altitudes, like P. 

 flexilis and albicanlis, are examples of slow growers. 

 There are porsistent growers reaching great heights, 

 and hii.-.iiM-, ,.i,,;, 11,11,,' ilwarfs ,.r nnaliuni-Mz.-.l trees; 



again "u, , , ., I' . -, il ..nnncMi Wliiii- I'im-, and 



itsgialii - . ' ,1 . -,,::arl'iii.-, Willi iIh- Hull I'incin 



like P. I 



Whit,- 



densifl" 



...I ru.r,, la.uli rai.lv >n ,T 411 ft. ; 



, Bunijiuna, inuiLluiia, with sev- 



ii's varieties, remaining actually 



L' a compact, bushlike appearance 



eral o (■ 1 1 , . ;,,,-., 

 dwarfs a,..! ,, ■,,,,■. 

 for a Ion- 1,1,1-. 



In ret^ard to foliaire, quite a large variety can be had. 

 For grace and elegance nothing better again than our 

 five-needled silver-lined White Pine can be suggested, 

 although P. excelsa from the Himalayas, with its 

 slenderer and longer branches and more drooping foli- 

 age, and the dwarfs P. Pence from Macedonia and P. 

 KoraieHsis, with their denser and more compact 

 crowns, and some others of the White Pine tribe, mav 

 vie with it. Among the Yellow Pines our own almost 

 entirely overlooked P. glabra deserves mention in this 

 connection, where the climate permits its use, as well 

 as the interesting Sand Pine, P. clausa. 



For richness, fulness and vigor of foliage, our Red 

 Pine (P. resiiwsa) outranks even the much-planted 

 more somber Austrian Pine, and for interest in devel- 

 opment nothing can compete with our Longleaf Pine 

 (P. palustris). With its needles, wliicli in young speci- 

 mens exceed a foot in length, surrounding in dense, 

 graceful tufts the big silvery buds at the tip of the 

 candeiabra-like branches, P. palustris offers a most 

 striking appearance. T^nfortunatcly, it is not adapted 

 for pla ■ 



orth f.f 1 



The thin, grayi-l,, l.ai r,,i, ,:,-,. „f the frugal Bank- 



sian Pine and of . , ,; t our Scrub Pines, and 



the .stouter also L'l -i' the Scotch Pine, make 



a pleasing color r, a, 11,-1 ,j:,,i:.i the somber dark back- 

 ground of spruces and firs, while the short, stitf needles 

 of the Nut Pine P. edulis and the interesting one-needle 

 Pine ( P. jnoHop/ij/^fa) resemble the spruce foliage. Color 

 of bark varying in species from silvery gray through 

 red and yellow tints to almost black, and character or 

 size of cones from the diminutive globose forms of 

 P. contoria to the long, pendulous cones of the Sugar 



